Caron process

Liranza, E. G. Daudinot, A. M. Martinez, R. V. Barzaga, B. R. Separation of cobalt and nickel by solvent extraction from sulfate liquors obtained by acid leaching of a product from the caron process. International Solvent Extraction Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, Mar. 17-21, 2002, 952-957. 

An alternative route to cobalt/nickel separation following ammonia leaching in the Caron process is to produce a mixed Co/Ni carbonate product. This can then be dissolved in sulfate media and processed using one of the acidic extractants described later [13]. 

Caron Process reduction roast - ammonia leach)... 

Higher energy efficiency and higher nickel and cobalt recoveries than the Caron Process... 

M. Nicol, A. Nikoloski, J. Fittock, A fundamental study of the leaching reactions involved in the Caron process , W. Impie (Ed.) et al.. Proceedings International Laterite Nickel Symposium, Charlotte, NC, TMS, Warrendale, Pa (2004), pp. 369-384. 

E. Asselin, Thermochemical aspects of the Fe, Co, Ni-NH3-H20 systems relevant to the Caron process . Hydrometallurgy 2008 (Proceedings 6th International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Phoenix, Arizona), C. Young, P. Taylor, C. Anderson and Y. Choi (Editors), TMS, Warrendale, Pa., 2008, pp. 522-531. 

Table 5.6 Advantages and disadvantages of Caron-type process.

Caron A process for extracting nickel and cobalt from lateritic ores by reductive roasting, followed by leaching with ammoniacal ammonium carbonate solution in the presence of oxygen. Developed by M. H. Caron at The Hague in the 1920s and used in Cuba (where the location of the mine is named Nicaro, after the metal and the inventor) and in Australia. 

Caron, S. In Organic Reactions and Processes Gordon Research Conference 2000-, Roger Williams University, 2000. 

S. Caron, E. Vazquez, Organic Process Research Development 2001, 5, 587... 

Liggett, S. B., Caron, M. G., Lefkowitz, R. J., and Hnatowich, M. (1991). Coupling of a mutated form of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor to Gi and Gs. Requirement for multiple cytoplasmic domains in the coupling process. /. Biol. Chem. 266, 4816-4821. 

This reaction also gave the opportunity to open an access to various polycyclic derivatives, as illustrated by the transformation of the mixture of diaster eomers 133 into tricyclic derivative 134 as a single diastereomer, thanks to a completely stereoconvergent process. An interesting entry into carene 136 and carone derivatives 137 has also been disclosed by Fiirstner [88]. 1,5-Enynes have proven to be versatile precursors for the preparation of perfumery agents such as sabina ketone (Scheme 45). 

Caron (C9) developed an electrolytic method for separating cobalt and nickel from alloys of the two metals. The ammoniacal electrolyte composition is chosen to favor the plating of cobalt from nickel. The electrolyte is passed through a number of cells in series, with continuous deposition of cobalt at the cathode and the discharge of a cobalt-free high-nickel electrolyte. Distillation of this solution after the addition of Ca(OH)2 or NaOH converts the nickel to the hydroxide and the regenerated ammonia is returned to the process. 

Caron, D. A. (1991). Evolving role of protozoa in aquatic nutrient cycles. In Protozoa and their Role in Marine Processes (Reid, P. C., Turley, C. M., and Burkfll, P. H., eds.) Springer, Berlin, pp. 387-415. 

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