Cardiovascular biomaterials metals

ASD Report (2013) Biomaterials Market by Products (Polymers, Metals, Ceramics, Natural Biomaterials) and Applications (Cardiovascular, Orthopedic, Dental,... 

Biomaterials that have been used in the cardiovascular system include processed biological substances, metals, and polymers (see Table 14.1 for typical materials and applications). Materials of biologic origin include structures such as pericardia, arteries and veins, and heart valves. Devices can also include biological substances, e.g., as coatings, such as collagen and heparin. 

Polymeric materials that have been used in the cardiovascular system include polytetrafluorethy-lene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, etc. Textiles bas on polytetra-fluorethylene and polyethylene terephthalate are us extensively as fabrics for repair of vasculature and larger-vessel replacement (greater than 6 mm in diameter). Stent-grafts are hybrid stent grafts placed by catheter to treat aortic aneurysms nonsurgically and are fabricated of the same metallic alloys used in stents and textiles similar to those used in vascular grafts. Table 14.1 lists many of the biomaterials currently used in the cardiovascular system. 

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