Cardiogram

To date, the most common tool for clinical assessment of cardiac electrical function is the electro-cardiogram (ECG). It is a dynamic representation, usually obtained from the body surface, of the changes in cardiac electrical behaviour. 

Key words Drosophila, Genetics, Heart physiology. Electrical pacing, M-mode cardiogram... 

Physiological these include heart rate, stroke volume, blood pressure, Rr intervals, vector cardiograms, and 3-D vector cardiograms. 

These observations are consistent with the view that the most potent natural antioxidant of LDL may be not a-tocopherol but reduced form of ubiquinon Qm — ubiquinol Qio [30]. As we found the treatment of patients with the synthetic antioxidant probucol in the daily dose 1000 mg in opposition to vitamin E sharply increase the lag time of LDL oxidation in vitro [31], It is known that probucol in daily dose 1000 mg act as cholesterol-lowering agent but this drug reduces of LDL cholesterol level very slowly and in addition induces different negative clinical effects such as increased of Q-T interval on the cardiogram. Used in quarter of the usual dose (250 mg per day) probucol demonstrated the same inhibition of lipohydroperoxide LDL accumulation in patients with cardiosclerosis as with high probucol dose — 1000 mg per day [31]. 

PHSx Physiological results Blood pressure, cardiogram, nerve testing, CNS data... 

The electrical activity produced by either the depolarization or the repolarization of myocardial tissue, specifically the nerve fibre cells, may be identified conveniently by the help of suitable electrodes and this may be plotted as a graph showing intensity (mV millivolts) along the Y-axis and time (seconds) along the X-axis, as shown in Fig. 12.1(a), also known as the electro-cardiogram (ECG). 

Bazett, H.C., An analysis of time relations of electro-cardiograms. Heart, 1920, 7 353-370. 

Figure 2.26 plots the voltage as measured by a cardiogram versus time for a healthy patient—the voltage increases at regular intervals. At a frequency of 1 Hz, the curve repeats. Deriving conclusions from data plotted in the time... 

Ambulatory measures Measures of heart rate and RMSSD (heart rate variability) were measured by the Vrye Universiteit Ambulatory Monitoring System (Ams) (version 4.6, TD-FPP, Vrye Universiteit, Amsterdam). Alcohol swabs were used to clean the skin, and six electrodes were positioned to measure ECG and impedance cardiogram (ICG) activity. 

Abbreviation for electrocardiogram, because in German, cardiogram is spelled with a K. 

Assessment of Systolic Heart Function byWavelet Analysis of the Impedance Cardiogram... 

The scale Qw of each extremum point with amplitude we characterizes an extension of E wave in time. It can be used for estimation the LVET. Let s consider the time interval between the first and second heart sounds as reference value. We defined it using the wavelet transform (using the Mode wavelet) of the phonogram which is recorded simultaneously with the impedance cardiogram. Then we calculate time interval between B and X points on the impedance cardiogram... 

Fig. 4 Phonogram LVET vs impedance cardiogram LVET for selected healthy participant dtp is defined as time interval between the first and second heart sounds, dtimp is defined as B-X points interval (blue squares) or as the wavelet scale a , of E-wave maximum (red points).

Lababidi Z., Ehmke D.A., Durnin R.E., Leaverton P.E., Lauer R.M.. The 1st derivative thoracic impedance cardiogram Circulation. 1970 41 651-658. 

Schieken R.M., Patel M.R., Falsetti H.L., Lauer R.M.. Effect Of Mitral Valvular Regurgitation On Trans-Thoradc Impedance Cardiogram British Heart Journal. 1981 45 166-172. 

Pickett BR, Buell JC. Usefulness Of The Impedance Cardiogram To Reflect Left-Ventricular Diastolic Function American Journal Of Cardiology. 1993 71 1099-1103. 

Carvalho P., Paiva R.P., Couceiro R., et al. Comparison of systolic time interval measurement nnodalities for portable devices 606-609 2010. Podtaev S., Stepanov R., Dumler A., Chugainov S., Tziberkin K.. Wavelet analysis of the impedance cardiogram waveforms in First Latin-American Conference On Bioimpedance (CLABIO 2072) 407 of Journal of Physics Conference Series 2012. 

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