Carcinogenicity evaluation scheme

Carcinogenicity evaluations by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) serve as the international benchmark for classifying chemicals as carcinogens. lARC assesses and classifies chemicals according to the following scheme (Illing 2001 lARC 2006) ... 

A comprehensive search (295) of the STORET water quaUty database, maintained by the U.S. EPA Office of Water, is used to evaluate the potential water quaUty implications of various herbicides. This database contains information on contamination of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) suppUes. The data are provided to give a general impression of the occurrence of a given herbicide in SW and GW (269). The U.S. EPA scheme for categorizing a chemical s carcinogenic potential is used for herbicides for which healthy advisory information (HA) is available. The U.S. EPA is continually issuing HAs for various environmental contaminants HAs available in Reference 269 were used in preparation of this article. 

This EPA document provided guidelines for evaluating the human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity, as well as a classification scheme for categorizing the level of risk associated with a particular agent (i.e., limited, inadequate, no data, or no evidence). 

Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis is essential for the development of pesticides and for the evaluation of cancer hazard and risk assessment. The critical factors that should be considered in SAR analysis and the profile of typical potent carcinogens are discussed. A scheme combining structural and functional criteria for suspecting chemical compounds of carcinogenic activity is presented. Selected classes of pesticides with carcinogenic potential are reviewed to exemplify structural and/or functional features responsible for their carcinogenic activity. 

Because ODA has been identified as a potential human carcinogen [61], alternative postcolumn derivatizations were evaluated. The method introduced by Weinberg and Yamada [62] is based on the postcolumn derivatization of bromate with bromide under acidic conditions to yield tribromide, Brg, which can be detected by UV at 267 nm. The reaction scheme was already described by Eqs. (8.41) and (8.42) in Section 8.2.I.2. In addition to bromate, this method can also be used for determining other oxyhalides such as iodate and chlorite. 

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