Carboxylic acids methyl groups

One of the most useful ways of introducing fluorine into organic compounds is the placement of the hydroxyl group in alcohols hydroxy compounds, and carboxylic acids Methyl alcohol reacts with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at 100 500 °C in the presence of aluminum fluoride [60, 61], zinc fluoride [62] chromium fluonde [63], or a mixture of aluminum and chromium fluondes [64] to give a 20-78% yield of fluoromethane Attempted fluorinations of higher alcohols by this method failed [60]... 

Several studies have dealt with the problem of discriminating between mastic and dammar, and three marker compounds of mastic have been identified moronic, masticadienonic and acetyl masticadienolic acids [42], The chemical structure of (iso)masticadienonic acid and 3-0-acetyl-3-epi(iso)masticadienonic acid is characterized by a side chain, as for dammarane molecules, but with a carboxylic acid end group (Table 12.1). Under pyrolysis conditions this side chain is susceptible to cleavage as demonstrated by the presence, among the pyrolysis products of mastic, of 2-methyl-pent-2,4-dienoic acid, that perfectly matches with the chemical structure of the side chain end. In addition 3-(9-acetyl-3-epi-(iso)masticadienolic acid also loses the acetyl group and, in contrast to masticadienonic acid, is not detected at all. 

An unexpected aromatization that takes place during the A-alkylation reaction performed on several 3-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-4,5-dihydro-l //-pyrazolc-5-carboxylic acid methyl esters, giving rise to a mixture of l-alkyl-3-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 II-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl esters and 1 -al kyl-3-(2-ni trobcnzoyl)-1 //-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl esters is reported. It is suggested that reaction involves both inter- and intra-molecular oxidation by the nitro group.107... 

Polypropylene imine) dendrimers (see Scheme 1 for structure) have been constructed step by step onto an amine functionalized polystyrene [38, 130, 131]. The challenge in this synthesis is finding conditions for the polypropylene imine) synthesis under which the low MW polystyrene (MW=3200) is soluble [38]. Similar poly(imine) dendrimers with carboxylic acid end groups have also been prepared [130]. The polypropylene imine) dendrimer has also been synthesized on an amino-terminated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) [132]. 

What characteristics of the methyl benzoate spectrum rule out an aldehyde or carboxylic acid functional group giving the absorption at 1723 crrT1 ... 

Nagy, T., Nurizzo, D., Davies, G. J., Biely, P., Lakey, J. H., Bolam. D. N., and Gilbert, H. J., The a-glucuronidase, GlcA67A, of Cellvibrio japonicus utilises the carboxylate and methyl groups of aldobiouronic acid as important substrate recognition determinants. J Biol Chem 2003. 

Trimethylbenzoic acid has two methyl groups ortho to the carboxylic acid functional group. These bulky methyl groups block the approach of the alcohol and prevent esterification from occurring under Fischer esterification conditions. A possible route to the methyl ester ... 

Ring contraction of a pyridazine with concurrent cyclization to indole derivatives proceeds with l-aryl-6-oxo-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridazines having at position 3 a carboxyl or methyl group (161). 137,186,707 reaction is usually performed in ethanolic solution containing hydrogen chloride or sulfuric acid, and also potassium hydroxide. Indoles of the general formula 162 (R2 = COOEt, COOH, or Me) are obtained. 

Since salicylic acid has both an alcohol functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group, it can undergo two different esterification reactions depending on which functional group reacts. For example, when treated with ethanoic acid (acetic acid), salicylic acid behaves as an alcohol and the ester produced is acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). On the other hand, when reacted with methanol, salicylic acid behaves as an acid and the ester methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) is produced. Methyl salicylate is also an analgesic and part of the formulation of many liniments for sore muscles. What are the structures of acetylsalicylic acid and methyl salicylate ... 

Articaine [4-methyl-3-(2-propylaminopropionamido) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride] has been widely used in dentistry since its approval by the U.S. FDA in the year 2000 because of its quick onset and short duration of action. The structure of articaine differs from those of all other amino amide-type local anesthetics in that it contains a thiophene ring instead of a benzene ring and a carbomethoxy group. This renders the molecule more lipophilic and, thus, easier to cross any lipoidal membranes. 

Elimination of water and fluoroboric acid from 1073 (Ri = H) afforded the H-pyrrole 1074, directly. However, for 1073 (Ri H), elimination of water and fluoroboric acid produced the 3//-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 1075 in modest to good yield. In these cases, 1075 (R2 = H) was readily converted to the 17/-pyrrole 1076 in refluxing toluene via a [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangement of the carbomethoxy group. 

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