Carboxylate anion metal salt

The acceleration of the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of esters by phase-transfer catalysts is greatest for lipophilic carboxylate anions. Organometallic salts can act as phase-transfer catalysts for the alkaline hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyi acetate and catalysis improves with increasing metal-ion radius. ... 

EPDM-Derived Ionomers. Another type of ionomer containing sulfonate, as opposed to carboxyl anions, has been obtained by sulfonating ethylene—propjlene—diene (EPDM) mbbers (59,60). Due to the strength of the cross-link, these polymers are not inherently melt-processible, but the addition of other metal salts such as zinc stearate introduces thermoplastic behavior (61,62). These interesting polymers are classified as thermoplastic elastomers (see ELASTOLffiRS,SYNTHETIC-THERMOPLASTICELASTOLffiRS). 

Carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, and phosphate ate the polar, solubilizing groups found in most anionic surfactants. In dilute solutions of soft water, these groups ate combined with a 12—15 carbon chain hydrophobe for best surfactant properties. In neutral or acidic media, or in the presence of heavy-metal salts, eg, Ca, the carboxylate group loses most of its solubilizing power. 

From the above discussion it follows that the probability of carbonium ion formation during decomposition of RTIX2 compounds by a Type 5 process is low when X is carboxylate, but significantly higher when X is nitrate, sulfate, perchlorate, or fluoroborate. The important role played by the anion of the metal salt in oxymetallation has in fact been recognized only very recently for both oxymercuration 11, 12) and oxythallation (92). The... 

Guanidine forms salts with such relatively weak acids as nitromethane, phthalimide, phenol and carbonic acid [20], Interactions between carboxylate anions of proteins and added guanidinium ion are thought [19, 56] to be weaker than the interactions with ammonium ions the role of guanidinium-carboxylate interactions in stabilizing natural protein conformations has been discussed [36c]. A few reports of metal complex formation by guanidines [57-60], and aminoguanidines [61] have appeared. 

Although catalytic hydration of ethylene oxide to maximize ethylene glycol production has been studied by a number of companies with numerous materials patented as catalysts, there has been no reported industrial manufacture of ethylene glycol via catalytic ethylene oxide hydrolysis. Studied catalysts include sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids and salts, cation-exchange resins, acidic zeolites, halides, anion-exchange resins, metals, metal oxides, and metal salts (21—26). Carbon dioxide as a cocatalyst with many of the same materials has also received extensive study. 

Adducts of triazoles with transition metal salts are usually prepared by direct reactions between the two components involved and frequently precipitate or crystallize spontaneously from the reaction mixture (55,172,194, 202). Complexes containing triazolate anions can usually be obtained from the corresponding transition metal halide, carboxylate, nitrate, or perchlorate complex and an alkali metal (146, 147, 172) or thallium(I) triazolate salt (33). Other routes to triazolate complexes include the direct reactions of metal halides with triazoles in the presence of a base (201) and the treatment of triazole/metal halide... 

Salts and Esters of Acids. Neutral salts of acids are named by citing the cation(s) and then the anion, whose ending is changed from -oic to -oate or from -ic to -ate. When different acidic residues are present in one structure, prefixes are formed by changing the anion ending -ate to -ato- or -ide to -ido-. The prefix carboxylato- denotes the ionic group —COO-. The phrase (metal) salt of (the acid) is permissible when the carboxyl groups are not all named as affixes. 

Mono- or poly-carboxylated anions always gives rise to complex salts with the metal cations, which are insoluble in the reaction medium, or can be made insoluble by addition of appropriate cosolvents, making the isolation procedure more easy. 

Some carboxylate surfactants, such as long-chain fatty acids or their anionic esters with Coenzyme A, are precipitated in the presence ( fCSmd M + (Constantinides and Steim, 1986). Measurements of CMC in the presence of divalent ions should be avoided since the insoluble surfactant could introduce serious artifacts. Traces of transition-metal ions can catalyze autooxidation of some polyoxyethylene surfactants. In a recent article by Xiao (Xiao, 2006), interactions between anionic surfactant (SDS) micellar solutions and several familiar metal salt solutio b. 

More common is the use of a metal salt, such as halide, hydroxide, oxide, sulfate, carboxylate, and so on. A base can also be added, to convert the /3-diketone to the j8-ketoenolate anion, which usually has greater solubility in aqueous media. 

Metal salts of carboxylate anions are formed from carboxylic acids in many reactions in Chapter 19. To name the metal salt of a carboxylate anion, put three parts together ... 

Problem 19.5 Give the IUPAC name for each metal salt of a carboxylate anion (a) C6H5CO2 Li (b) HC02 (c) (CH3)2CHC02 K (d) (CH3CH2)2CHCH2CH(Br)CH2CH2C02 Na+. ... 

Salts of heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Pb2+) form very strong bonds with carboxylate anions of aspartate and glutamate thus disturbing the salt linkages. This property makes some of the heavy metal salts suitable for use as antiseptics. 

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