Carbons medical applications

Shvedova, A.A. et al. (2009) Mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity and medical applications of carbon nanotubes two faces of Janus Pharmacology Therapeutics, 121 (2), 192-204. 

The potential of PFCLs to solve high volumes of gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide, was the key for most of the medical applications and was described recently [37],... 

Keywords Carbon nanotubes Cytotoxicity Cytocompatibility Medical applications of CNT... 

The activated carbons obtained have a potential for medical applications in treatment of chemical and biological poisoning as oral adsorbents and in extracorporeal blood detoxication. 

Conventional ring-opening polymerization of cyclic anhydrides, carbonates, lactones, and lactides require extremely pure monomers and anhydrous conditions as well as metallic catalysts, which must be completely removed before use, particularly for medical applications. To avoid these difficult restrictions, an enzymatic polymerization may be one of the more feasible methods to obtain the polyesters. This method was first reported by two independent groups (Kobayashi [152] and Gutman [153]) who showed that lipases, enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of fatty acid esters, can polymerize various medium-sized lactones. 

Recent reviews with some emphasis on medical applications of CO and CO-releas-ing molecules include CO and NO in Medicine [13], Use of carbon monoxide as a therapeutic agent promises and challenges [14] and Chemistry and biological activities of CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) and transition metal complexes [15]. 

Medical applications of activated carbon adsorbents and purifying aids continue today. Examples of the many applications in current use include the use of activated carbons to adsorb bacterial toxins in the GI tract and in dialysis equipment for the purification of blood. 

Carbon fibers are flexible enough to permit implantation in a number of tissues, including the wall of the intestine [138]. However, sharp angles must be avoided, since the fibers will break and their small diameter makes them difficult to handle. Table 6 gives examples of conducting devices in medical applications. 

TABLE 5 Examples of Carbon-Based Structural Devices for Medical Applications... 

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