Carbonation sugars color development

Spectrophotometric and chromatographic studies indicated that the color-bearing compounds responsible for the sugar color development were 5-HMF, caramel, humic acids, and melanoidins. Reduction of these compounds by improving first carbonation technique to minimize reducing sugar destruction would improve color development of the carbonation sugar. 

DuPont and Shell have developed a new polyester, poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) (structure 19.38) that is structurally similar to PET, except that 1,3-propanediol (PDO) is used in place of ethylene glycol. The extra carbon in Sorona allows the fiber to be more easily colored giving a textile material that is softer with greater stretch. Further, it offers good wear and stain resistance for carpet use. The ready availability of the monomer PDO is a major consideration with efforts underway to create PDO from the fermentation of sugar through the use of biocatalysts for this conversion. Sorona and Lycra blends have already been successfully marketed. Sorona is also targeted for use as a resin and film. 

Figure 1. Development of color in carbonation and sulfitation (G) sugars...

Erythrulose is a four-carbon keto sugar that reacts in exactly the same way as DHA. However, since they are different compounds, they do produce different melanoids with slightly different properties, including color. The tan produced by erythrulose is less reddish in tone than that produced by DHA. However, while a DHA tan develops in 2-6 hours, an erythrulose tan requires 2 days. Eor this reason, erythrulose is usually not used alone, but only in combination with DHA. 

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