Carbon volcanic emission

Brantley, S.L. and Koepenich, K.W. (1995) Measured carbon dioxide emissions from Oldoinyo Lengai and the skewed distribution of passive volcanic fluxes. Geology, 23, 933-936. 

Leavitt S.W. (1982) Annual volcanic carbon dioxide emission An estimate from eruption chronologies. Environ. Geol. 4, 15-21. 

Carbon dioxide is a normal component of air, it is an important material for plant life - emitted by all living organisms during the respiration and fixed in photosynthesis by green plants. Normal concentrations in the air are ranging from 300 to 380 ppm. Concentrations, which could be toxic arc rarely observed (a volcanic emission, occurred recently in Cameroun, contradicts this optimistic opinion). 

Baubron, J.-C., Allard, P., and Toutain, J.-P., Diffusive volcanic emissions of carbon dioxide from Vulcano Island, Italy, Nature, 344, 51-53, 1990. 

SCPs are not produced from wood, biomass or charcoal combustion, and hence have no natural sources. Therefore, they are unambiguous indicators of deposition from industrial combustion of fossil-fuels. Their use as markers in sediments and other depositional sinks is enhanced by their easily identifiable morphology and, because of their elemental carbon composition, by their relatively simple extraction from the sediment matrix. IASs, on the other hand, or rather particles morphologically identical to them, do have natural sources from volcanic emissions (LeFbvre et al., 1986) and micro-meteorites (Handy Davidson, 1953 Hodge Wright, 1964). In addition, their aluminosilicate composition makes tliem less able to withstand chemical attack and, compositionally, similar to many of the sediment... 

The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) provides up-to-date information on trends in greenhouse gas emissions and global change http //cdiac.esd.ornl.gov See also Box 14.10 Cement and concrete, and Box 16.6 Volcanic emissions. 

Carbon dioxide Natural and industrial potential carbon sources exist volcanic activity, living organism respiration, fossil fuel combustion, cement production, changes in land use. Natural CO2 fluxes into and out of the atmosphere exceed the human contribution by more than an order of magnitude. The rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration closely parallels the emission history from fossil fuels and land use changes. 

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