Carbon non-graphitizing

See amorphous carbon, carbon fibers, carbon material, glass-like carbon, graphitic carbon, non-graphitic carbon, pyrolytic carbon... 

Because of the variety of available carbons, a classification is inevitable. Most carbonaceous materials which are capable of reversible lithium intercalation can be classified roughly as graphitic and non-graphitic (disordered). 

Figure 4. Schematic drawing of a non-graphitic (disordered) carbon [21.

Most non-graphitic carbons are prepared by pyrolysis of organic polymer or hydrocarbon precursors at temperatures below -1500 °C. Further heat treatment of most non-graphitic carbons at temperatures from -1500 to -3000 °C makes it possible to distinguish between two different types of carbons. 

The use of non-graphitic (disordered) carbons as anode materials in lithium ion cell is highly attractive for two reasons ... 

In comparison with graphite, non-graphitic carbons can provide additional sites for lithium accommodation. As a result, they show a higher capability of reversible lithium storage than graphites, i.e., stoichiometries of x> in Li C6 are possible. 

The end-of-charge potential of non-graphitic carbons, either hydrogen-containing carbons (Fig. 12) or cokes... 

State-of-the-art thin film Li" cells comprise carbon-based anodes (non-graphitic or graphite), solid polymer electrolytes (such as those formed by solvent-free membranes, for example, polyethylene oxide, PEO, and a lithium salt like LiPFe or LiCFsSOs), and metal oxide based cathodes, in particular mixed or doped oxides... 

The replacement of an individual carbon material by a mixture (composite) in order to improve the electrode s performance seems promising [23], Discharging at low potentials (0-0.25 V vs Li/Li+) has been proven to be provided by the graphite-structure component while it is the non-graphitic one, which works above 0.25 V [4,9]. The present work deals... 

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