Carbon nanotube melting temperature

Tn is the bulk melting temperature, 7 and p are the surface energy and the density of the solid phase and the liquid phase noted by the subscripts s and 1 and L is the latent heat of fusion. This phenomenon is due to the increase in the fraction of surface atoms. The Pawlow law is verified experimentally for particles larger than 5 nm and more sophisticated thermodynamic models have been developed which can be applied down to 2-nm particles [54]. During catal 4ic reactions, particles are generally solid, but in the case of carbon nanotubes synthesized by CVD, the catalyst particles could melt at temperatures lower than the bulk melting point. 

Zhirikova, Z. M. Kozlov, G. V Aloev, V. Z. TTie fractal model of melt viscosity of nanocomposites polypropylene-carbon nanotubes. Thermophysics of High Temperatures, 2012, 50(6), 785-788. 

The multiwalled carbon nanotube does not significantly change the apparent melting temperatures and degree of crystalhnity, which is identical to the result of single-walled carbon nanotubes/PEEK and carbon nanofiber/PEEK. It is because the nucleation occurs simultaneously in the multiple centers when MWNT, as nucleating agent, increases the crystallization rate. ... 

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