Carbon nanotubes bonding configurations

Copper has been employed commonly in relation with carbohydrates and aminoacids but other analytes can also be determined. Microalignment of the electrode with the channel outlet [89], deposition of a thin layer [81,108] or incorporation of a wire [21] are examples of in-channel formats. End-channel configurations such as those obtained by using a guide tube [11] or attaching a Cu wire perpendicularly to the outlet [32] after chip bonding were tested. Carbon nanotube (CNT)/copper composite electrodes have proved to be more sensitive, compared to the Cu and CNT alone, in the determination of carbohydrates [109]. 

Density of state (DOS), given in arbitrary units, of a (5,5) carbon nanotube doped with an N-pyridinic-like defect before and after the adsorption of NH3 molecules.The most stable configuration corresponds to an amino (NHj) group bonded to an N atom and the H atom adsorbed on another N atom present in the pyridinic site (adapted from Villalpando-Paez et al. (2004)). 

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