Carbon nanofiber sheets

Gou, J., Tang, Y., Zhuge, J., Zhao, Z., Chen, R.-H., Hui, D., Ibeh, C., 2010b. Fire performance of composite laminates embedded with multi-ply carbon nanofiber sheets. Composites Part B Engineering 41, 176—181. 

Five years after the discovery of fullerenes, Iijima reported in 19911 a novel form of organized carbon which consists of hollow cylindrical structures, a few nanometers in diameter and some micrometers long. Although hollow carbon nanofibers had been prepared for several decades, their walls had never been resolved by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). These HRTEM images allowed Iijima to conclude that the walls of the so-called multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are made up of several concentric cylinders, each being formed by a graphene sheet rolled... 

The carbon nanofibers exhibited a mean diameter of about 40 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. They had an interplanar distance between two graphene sheets of ca. 0.34 nm, close to what is observed for the (002) plane in graphite, i.e. 0.335 nm. The prismatic faces exposed at the outer surfaces of the nanofibers are preferential sites for carbon oxygen groups, giving also hydrophilic properties to the material [19,20]. Such... 

Carbon nanofibers are filamentous cylindrical or conical structures formed of various arrangements of stacked graphene sheets (as cones or cups), with a diameter ranging from one to several hundred nanometers, and lengths ranging from 1 pm to several millimeters. Nanostructured carbon foams... 

Carbon nanofibers or vapor-grown carbon nanofibers are sp hybridized one-dimensional carbon nanostructures. Three types of carbon nanofiber structures classified based on the angle of graphene sheets are stacked, cup-stacked, and nanotubular [10]. The diameter of carbon nanofibers lies in between carbon nanotubes (100 nm) and carbon fibers (1000 nm). The synthesis procedures used for carbon nanofibers include chemical vapor deposition (CVD). 

Ge, J. J., H. Q. Hou, Q. Li, M. J. Graham, A. Greiner, D. H. Reneker, F. W. Harris, and S. Z. D. Cheng (2004). Assembly of well-aligned multi walled carbon nanotubes in confined polyacryloiutrile enviromnents electrospun composite nanofiber sheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 126(48) 15754-15761. 

Fig. 5.9 (a) Top view SEM image of the electrospun carbon nanofiber (ECN) sheets, (b) TEM image of a single typical ECN. SEM image of (c) top view and (d) cross section of ECN counter electrode deposited by doctor blading on an FTO glass substrate (Reprinted with the permission from Joshi et al. [79]. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society)... 

Ge JJ, Hou HQ, Li Q, Graham Ml, Greiner A, Reneker DH, Harris FW, Cheng SZD (2004) Assembly of well-aligned multiwaUed carbon nanotubes in confined polyacrylonitrile environments electrospun composite nanofiber sheets. J Am Chem Soc 126 15754-15761... 

Inclnded in the nanocarbon group are single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets (Section 13.9), and carbon nanofibers. 

A wide range of nanosfructured carbons has been discovered since fhe original discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by lijima in 1991. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers are nanoscale cylinders of rolled up graphene sheets. 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are seamless cylindrical graphitic nanofibers made of sp carbon atoms. A carbon nanotube may consist of a single graphitic sheet [single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [8] as shown in Figure 14.2(c)] or multiple concentric graphitic sheets [multi walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs)... 

Fig. 6.9 Carbon nanostructures obtained from different assembly of graphene sheets (a) graphitic nanofibers, (b) MWCNT and (c) a bundle ofSWCNTs.

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