Carbon morphology

Table n Carbon Morphologies on Adiabatic Prereforming Catalysts found by H2-TPR. Heating Rate = 6 C/min... 

Figure 20 Soil carbonate morphology and amount versus time for (a) gravelly and (b) fine-grained soils etal, 1966) (reprodueed by permission of Williams and Wilkins from 5 //5c/. 1966,101, 347-360).

Are carbynes produced in laboratory carbon and C IC Ar vapors designed to simulate the properties carbon dust in astrophysical environments Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and HRTEM studies of vapor-condensed carbon smokes showed a wide range of carbon morphologies that were free of metal impurities (at EDS detection limits), viz. 1. Ceo and higher fullerenes that agglomerated into amorphous soot grains, 2. fullerenic nanotubes and onions, 3. amorphous carbon sheets,... 

Transition metals exposed to carbon bearing gases at elevated temperatures often catalyze the formation of carbonaceous deposits. One of the more interesting carbon morphologies observed is frequently called "filamentous" carbon. This form of carbon consists of filaments or fibers. These filaments are generally cylindrical in shape and less than 1000 in diameter. Both solid (Hofer et al., (] )) and hollow (Oberlin et al., (2J) fibers have been observed as well as twisted or braided filaments (Boehm (3J). 

Carbon TPSR State Carbon Morphology Mechanism of Formation... 

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid/poly(trimethylene carbonate) Morphology/mechanical properties Zhang et al. 2010... 

In addition to the electrochemical carbon corrosion rates, which are functions of temperature, electrochemical potential, and water partial pressure, the carbon morphology also plays an important role [99,103]. 

Qualitative examples abound. Perfect crystals of sodium carbonate, sulfate, or phosphate may be kept for years without efflorescing, although if scratched, they begin to do so immediately. Too strongly heated or burned lime or plaster of Paris takes up the first traces of water only with difficulty. Reactions of this type tend to be autocat-alytic. The initial rate is slow, due to the absence of the necessary linear interface, but the rate accelerates as more and more product is formed. See Refs. 147-153 for other examples. Ruckenstein [154] has discussed a kinetic model based on nucleation theory. There is certainly evidence that patches of product may be present, as in the oxidation of Mo(lOO) surfaces [155], and that surface defects are important [156]. There may be catalysis thus reaction VII-27 is catalyzed by water vapor [157]. A topotactic reaction is one where the product or products retain the external crystalline shape of the reactant crystal [158]. More often, however, there is a complicated morphology with pitting, cracking, and pore formation, as with calcium carbonate [159]. 

Ethylene—Dicarboxylic Acid Copolymers. Partial neutralization of copolymers containing carboxyls in pairs on adjacent carbons, eg, ethylene—maleic acid, has been described (11). Surprisingly, there is no increase in stiffness related to neutralization. Salts with divalent metal cations are not melt processible. The close spacing of the paired carboxyl groups has resulted in ionic cluster morphology which is distinct from that of the commercial ionomer family. 

Morphology. In describiag carbon black, three terms are used to describe stmctures of increa sing scale and complexity ... 

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