Carbon: global inventory

D.J. Erickson (1989). Ocean to atmosphere carbon monoxide flux Global inventory... 

Penner, J. E Eddleman, H., and Novakov, T. (1993) Towards the development of a global inventory for black carbon emissions, Atmos. Environ. 27, 1277-1295. 

Penner, J. E., H. Eddleman and T. Novakov (1993) Towards the development of a global inventory of black carbon emissions. Atmospheric Environment 27, 1277-1295 Penner, I E. (1995) Carbonaceous aerosols influencing atmospheric radiation Black and organic carbon. In Aerosol forcing of climate (Eds. R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg). John Whey Sons, Chichester, pp. 1-108... 

Penner JE, Charlson RJ, Hales JM, Laulainen N, Leifer R, Novakov T, Ogren J, Radke LF, Schwartz SE, Travis L. Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 1994 75 375-400. Penner JE, Eddleman H, Novakov T. Towards the development of a global inventory for black carbon emissions. Atmos Environ 1993 27A 1277-1295. 

Fig. 11-18 A four-box model of the global carbon cycle. Reservoir inventories are given in moles and fluxes in mol/yr. The turnover time of CO2 in each reservoir with respect to the outgoing flux is shown in brackets. (Reprinted with permission from L. Machta, The role of the oceans and biosphere in the carbon dioxide cycle, in D. Dryssen and D. Jagner (1972). "The Changing Chemistry of the Oceans," pp. 121-146, John Wiley.)...

Figure 6.3. Soil organic carbon inventory to 1 m depth by parent material category, for California and globally. Well-drained soils in California (white bars) are from the Soil-Vegetation Survey data set, n = 568, well-drained soils only. Worldwide data (gray bars) are from Zinke et al. (1984), n = 2995, which includes the California Soil-Vegetation Survey data, all drainage classes. Reprinted from Torn et al. (1997).

The planetary CO2 inventory has been estimated from C/N ratios of possible accreted volatile sources (chondrites or comets). Carbon dioxide estimates, expressed as equivalent global thicknesses of carbonate, vary from 3 m to 20 m (Bogard et al., 2001). Carbonates have not been detected spectroscopically on Mars as of early 2000s, although they are present in small quantities as martian weathering products in SNC meteorites. Carbon in soils at the Mars Pathfinder site is below detection limit, and the visible inventory of carbon on Mars is only 10 that of Earth or Venus (Bogard et al., 2001). 

Figure 15.19 gives a description of the global carbon cycle. The inventories of the various reservoirs were already given in Table 4.1, where we noticed that the atmosphere is a relatively small reservoir with large fluxes, so that the residence time of C in the atmosphere is only a few years. The carbon system is not at steady state. Because of fossil fuel combustion and possibly also because of deforestation, the inventories of C in the atmosphere and hydrosphere are increasing. The flux related to fossil fiiel combustion is nearly 1 % of the total atmospheric CO2 reservoir. The flux due to land use is more con-troversal but is probably 1-2 X 10 mol C . As the summary at the bottom... 

Sheppard, J. C., H. Westberg, J. F. Hopper, K. Ganesan, and P. Zimmerman (1982). Inventory of global methane sources and their productions rates. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 1305-1312. Shneour, E. A. (1966). Oxidation of graphitic carbon in certain soils. Science 151, 991-992. Shugard, W. J., R. H. Heist, and J. J. Reiss (1974). Theory of water phase nucleation in binary mixtures of water and sulfuric acid. J. Chem. Phys. 61, 5298-5307. 

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