Carbon energy expenditure

Metallic electrodes may dissolve as a result of electrolysis and may introduce corrosion products into the solid mass. However, if the electrodes are made of carbon or graphite, no residue will be introduced in the treated soil mass as a result of the process. The energy expenditure for Pb removal has been estimated to in the range 30 to 60 kWh/m1 2 3 4 of soil. The EO method also provides an advantage over conventional pumping techniques for in situ treatment of contaminated finegrained soils. 

The energy intake by an organism plus or minus any change in body mass or composition. Lifson and McClin-tock introduced the use of doubly labeled water ( H20 and H2 0) to estimate energy expenditure. In this strategy, is lost from the body as labeled water and carbon... 

Consider an amphipod with a body weight of 10 xg consuming 4.0 X 10-9 mol oxygen every hour at steady state and eliminating 3.6 X 10 9 mol carbon dioxide, 0.4 X 10-9 mol N (as ammonia), and 0.1 X 10-9 mol lactic acid. The external work power is 50 X 10-9 W. The heat loss of the animal may be calculated when the following four net reactions contribute to the energy expenditure ... 

The energy expenditure may be calculated from the energy balance. Assume that (i) carbohydrate (CH), fat (F), and protein (Pr) are the only compounds involved in the oxidation process (ii) the other compounds are stationary and (iii) the uptake and elimination of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen is instantaneous. From the first law of thermodynamics, we have... 

An adult male has an oxygen uptake of about 21.16 mol over 24 h, and the associated elimination of carbon dioxide and nitrogen is 16.95 mol and 5.76 g, respectively. The male has performed 0.12MJ of external work over the same period and his energy expenditure at rest is = 70 W. Estimate his energy expenditure, heat loss, and net efficiency for the external work. 

What is the energy expenditure for synthesizing a hexose Six rounds of the Calvin cycle are required, because one carbon atom is reduced in each round. Twelve molecules of ATP are expended in phosphorylating 12 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, and 12 molecules... 

Considering what man can do, 100 W energy expenditure does not seem much. He is, in fact, a very efficient machine. However, since there are 3.8 X 10 of us, the world population already needs the continuous production of 3.8 X 10 W in the form of food. This energy is derived from the Sun which has been absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts and used to synthesize carbohydrates and other foodstuffs from carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen. We eat these plants or animals that have eaten plants. 

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