Carbon dioxide oxygen exchange

Since hemoglobin in the body is essential in the carbon dioxide-oxygen exchange system between the lungs and the tissues, interference with the... 

Since pulmonary arterial blood is poor in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide, it exchanges excess carbon dioxide for oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries, which are in close contact with alveolar walls. At rest, the transit time for blood in the pulmonary capillaries is computed as... 

Alveolar gas transport Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between al-... 

Respiratory exchange ration Ratio of carbon dioxide production to oxygen... 

Emphysema, pulmonary The swelling and breaking down of the air sacs in the lungs. This reduces the area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange within the lungs. 

Air vents are most effective when they are fitted at the end of a length of 300 mm or 450 mm of uninsulated pipe that can act as a collecting/cooling leg. Air is an excellent insulating material, having a thermal conductivity about 2200 times less than that of iron. The last place where it can be allowed to collect is in the steam space of heat exchangers. Further, as it contains oxygen or carbon dioxide, which dissolve readily in any subcooled condensate that may be present, the presence of air initiates corrosion of the plant and the condensate return system. 

The process by which oxygen is taken up by the lungs and carbon dioxide is eliminated from the lungs is referred to as gas exchange. 

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are small molecules with low molecular weights however, carbon dioxide is 20 times more soluble than oxygen. Therefore, the value of the diffusion constant for carbon dioxide is larger than that of oxygen, which facilitates the exchange of carbon dioxide across the blood-gas interface. 

In a lung unit with high blood flow and low ventilation (airway obstruction), the level of carbon dioxide is increased and the level of oxygen is decreased. The excess carbon dioxide causes bronchodilation and an increase in ventilation. The reduced oxygen causes vasoconstriction and a decrease in perfusion. In this way, the V/Q ratio is brought closer to one and gas exchange is improved. 

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