Carbon cycle dioxide

Fig. 11-18 A four-box model of the global carbon cycle. Reservoir inventories are given in moles and fluxes in mol/yr. The turnover time of CO2 in each reservoir with respect to the outgoing flux is shown in brackets. (Reprinted with permission from L. Machta, The role of the oceans and biosphere in the carbon dioxide cycle, in D. Dryssen and D. Jagner (1972). "The Changing Chemistry of the Oceans," pp. 121-146, John Wiley.)...

Keeling, C. D. (1973a). The carbon dioxide cycle. Reservoir models to depict the exchange of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the oceans and land plants. In "Chemistry of the Lower Atmosphere" (S. Rasool, ed.), pp. 251-329. Plenum Press, New York. 

Machta, L. (1972). The role of the oceans and biosphere in the carbon dioxide cycle. In "The Chang-... 

Revelle, R. and Munk, W. (1977). The carbon dioxide cycle and the biosphere. In "Energy and Climate," pp. 140-158. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. 

Shikazono, N. and Kashiwagi. H. (1999) Carbon dioxide flux due to hydrothermal venting from back-arc basin and island arc and its influence on global carbon dioxide cycle. 9th Annual V.M. Gohl.schmidt Conference, August 22-27. Harvard, Abstr., p. 272. 

They represent a carbon dioxide cycle in combustion... 

Krapivin, V.F. (1999a) Greenhouse effect and global biogeochemical carbon dioxide cycle. Problems of Environment and Natural Resources, 12, 2-16 [in Russian]. 

Tarko A.M. (2001). Investigation of global biosphere processes with the aid of a global spatial carbon dioxide cycle model. Proceedings of the Sixth International Carbon Dioxide Conference, Extended Abstracts (October 1-2, 2001, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan), Yol. 2, pp. 899-902. 

Sleep N. H. and Zahnle K. (2001) Carbon dioxide cycling and impheations for chmate on ancient Earth. ]. Geophys. Res. 106, 1373-1399. 

Dmffel E. R. M. (1985) Detection of El Nino and decade timescale variations of sea surface temperature from banded coral records implications for the carbon dioxide cycle. In The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2 Natural Variations Archean to Present. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 111-122. 

The chemistry of the carbonic acid system in seawater has been one of the more intensely studied areas of carbonate geochemistry. This is because a very precise and detailed knowledge of this system is necessary to understand carbon dioxide cycling and the deposition of carbonate sediments in the marine environment. A major concept applicable to problems dealing with the behavior of carbonic acid and carbonate minerals in seawater is the idea of a constant ionic medium. This concept is based on the observation that the salt in seawater has almost constant composition, i.e., the ratios of the major ions are the same from place to place in the ocean (Marcet s principle). Possible exceptions can include seawater in evaporative lagoons, pores of marine sediments, and near river mouths. Consequently, the major ion composition of seawater can generally be determined from its salinity. It has been possible, therefore, to develop equations in which the influence of seawater composition on carbonate equilibria is described simply in terms of salinity. 

Carbon dioxide cycling through the mantle and implications for the... 

Solomon, D. K., and T. 1 . Ceri.inc , 1987. The annual carbon dioxide cycle in a montane soil observations, modeling, and implications lor weathering. Water Resources Research 23(12) 2257-65. 

Zahnle, K. and Sleep, N.H., 2002. Carbon dioxide cycling through the mantle and implications for the climate of the ancient Earth. In Fowler, C.M.R., Ebinger, C.J., and Hawkesworth, C.J. (eds) The Early Earth Physical, Chemical and Biological Development. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spl. Publ., 199, 231-57. 

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