Carbon dioxide as reaction medium

Supercritical and Compressed Carbon Dioxide as Reaction Medium... 

During recent years, the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as reaction medium has seen a rapid growth, primarily due to the need to develop environmentally acceptable alternatives to conventional organic solvents in a wide range of processes, including polymerization. 

Y Ikushima, N Soito, M Aral. Supercritical carbon dioxide as reaction medium examination of its solvent effects in the near-critical region. J Phys Chem 96 2293,... 

Tanko, J. M. Blackert, J. F. Sadeghipour, M. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Medium for Conducting Free-Radical Reactions. In Benign by Design Alternative Synthetic Design for Pollution Prevention Anastas, P. T., Farris,... 

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Medium for Enzymatically Catalyzed Reaction... 

In addition, the possibilities of carbon dioxide as a medium for polymerization reactions and polymer processing have been reviewed [56-60]. 

For the application of supercritical carbon dioxide as a medium for the production of polyolefins, it is important to have rehable thermodynamic data for the systems involved. Knowledge of the phase behavior of the reaction mixture is crucial to properly choose process variables such as temperature and pressure in order to achieve maximum process efficiency. For this reason, the ethylene-poly (ethylene-co-propylene) (PEP)-C02 system has been taken as a representative model system [3]. The effect of molecular weight as well as the influence of CO2 on the phase behavior has been studied experimentally by cloud-point measurements. In addition, the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (SAFT) has been applied to predict the experimental results. 

JM Tanko, JF Blackert, M Sadeghipour. Supercritical carbon dioxide as a medium for conducting free-radical reactions. In FT Anastas, CA Farris, eds. Benign by Design Alternative Synthetic Design for Pollution Prevention. ACS Symposium Series No. 577. Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society, 1994, pp 98-113. 

M Habulin, V Krmelj, Z Knez. Supercritical carbon dioxide as a medium for enzymically catalyzed reaction. Proc Technol Proc 12 (High Pressure Chem Eng), 85-90, 1996. 

In addition to the advantages listed, there are also some disadvantages that arise from the use of carbon dioxide as a reaction medium in homogeneous catalysis ... 

Evaluation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Tuneable Reaction Medium for Homogeneous Catalysis... 

Peris E (2006) Routes to N-Heterocydic Carbene Complexes. 21 83-116 Fitter S, Dinjus E, lonescu C, Maniut C, Makarczyk P, Patcas F (2008) Evaluation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Tuneable Reaction Medium for Homogeneous Catalysis. 23 109-147... 

Leitner W (2002) Supercritical carbon dioxide as a green reaction medium for catalysis. Acc Chem Res 35(9) 746-756... 

At the end of considerations dealing with oxirane/carbon dioxide copolymerisation, copolymerisation run under supercritical conditions in carbon dioxide as the reaction medium should be mentioned [239]. 

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