Carbon deposition long-term effects

Another study on phosphate/zeolite/polymer nonxed builders by Wirth [11] focuses on their influence on the long-term effects on fabrics [i.e., for their efficacy in preventing the inorganic deposition on fabrics (ash)]. The test conditions for this latter series of tests have been made more severe by increasing the water hardness to 400 ppm calcium carbonate and the wash temperature to 90°C Washing conditions which are not extreme in Europe but are extreme on the stressed side for any detergent system. 

Most of the experimental research concerning CMRs has been made at the laboratory scale, with experiments of short duration. Little is known about the effect of long term operation on the stability of membranes in CMRs thermal resistance in the reactive media, mechanical integrity, and fouling by carbon deposits or side reactions are all parameters which require improved knowledge to assess the industrial future of CMRs. 

Mineral dissolution kinetics influence such phenomena as development of soil fertility, amelioration of the effects of acid rain, formation of karst, acid mine drainage, transport and sequestration of contaminants, sequestration of carbon dioxide at depth in the earth, ore deposition, and metamorphism. On a global basis, mineral weathering kinetics are also involved in the long-term sink for CO2 in the atmosphere ... 

A long-term lubricant effect on diesel engine oil consumption observed that oil consumption control is lost when carbon deposits build up on the top piston land [100]. VI improvers may be a factor in that they contribute to piston deposits, but their role in this specific phenomenon has not been demonstrated. 

---