Carbon black inert atmosphere

A convenient method for assessing the extent of surface oxidation is the measurement of volatile content. This standard method measures the weight loss of the evolved gases on heating up to 950°C in an inert atmosphere. The composition of these gases consists of three principal components hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The volatile content of normal furnace blacks is under 1.5%, and the volatile content of oxidized special grades is 2.0 to 9.5%. 

Similar results were found by Bacsa el al. [26] for cathode core material. Raman scattering spectra were reported by these authors for material shown in these figures, and these results are discussed below. Their HRTEM images showed that heating core material in air induces a clear reduction in the relative abundance of the carbon nanoparticles. The Raman spectrum of these nanoparticles would be expected to resemble an intermediate between a strongly disordered carbon black synthesized at 850°C (Fig. 2d) and that of carbon black graphitized in an inert atmosphere at 2820°C (Fig. 2c). As discussed above in section 2, the small particle size, as well as structural disorder in the small particles (dia. —200 A), activates the D-band Raman scattering near 1350 cm . ... 

The data shown in Figure 9.10 indicate both the kind of data that may be obtained by direct calorimetric study of gas adsorption and some evidence of the effect of preheating on the properties of surfaces. The figure shows the calorimetric heat of adsorption of argon on carbon black. The broken line indicates the behavior of the untreated black, and the solid line is the same adsorbent after heating at 2000°C in an inert atmosphere, a process known as graphitization. The horizontal line indicates the heat of vaporization of argon. 

M is a commercial carbon black (Monarch 700. Cabot) treated in HNO, (M-HNOi) or first heat-treated at 2.S00°C in inert atmosphere and then soaked in HNO, (M-2500-HNO,) CPG is a comniercial activated carbon (CPG, Calgon Carbon Corp.),... 

Pyrolysis in inert atmosphere between 400 and yOO C produces water vapour, CO2, combustible gases CO, H2, CH and a multitude of organic vapours from the biopolymers cellulose (C6(H 0)s), hemicellulose (Cj(H20)4) and lignin. An impression of the complex product spectrum especially of the condensable organic vapours is given in Fig. 6. The remainder is a black char, mainly consisting of carbon and inorganic ash oxides. 

Figure 8. Resolved spectra of Monarch 1300 carbon blacks which were held at the indicated temperature for one hour in a dry nitrogen atmosphere and milled in KBr in an inert atmosphere (Nt).

Charsley and Dunn (102) and Dunn (103) have applied TG to the characterization and quantitative determination of carbon black in rubber. The analysis involves volatilization of the oil and pyrolysis of the polymer in an inert atmosphere followed by oxidation of free carbon black in the rubber. 

The catalysts were prepared by reducing the cobalt acetylacetonate dissolved in benzene, under a inert atmosphere of argon, using a known quantity of triethylaluminium (as a function of the desired Al/Co ratio). The solution immediatly became black and the metallic particles formed were able to be stabilized by butadiene at 0°C. The solvent employed during the hydrogenation reaction was dodecane or propylene carbonate. The benzene was then evaporated under a controlled atmosphere and the degradation products were then removed and analyzed, the temperature being increased up to 200°C. The catalyst thus obtained was used "in situ". 

As expected from Figure 14.6 (diagonal axis), carbon must be produced, except for the case of CCI4. Actually, carbon is seen as black color on the samples after reaction as is shown in the case of TCE (Fig. 14.5). Carbon is a key material of this reaction under an inert atmosphere, both chemically and physically. Carbon produced might help to activate the C Cl bond and maintain the nanostracmre of CaO. The surface acid site on carbon can activate the C Cl bond, as previously reported (11). Since it contains no transition metals, it is environmentally benign after use. 

---