Carbohydrate agarose

The proteinaceous (ref. 231) surfactants surrounding and stabilizing long-lived gas microbubbles, present in both carbohydrate (agarose) gels and forest soil extracts, have been successfully isolated from both of these natural sources. The isolation was first... 

TES-45 and TES-55 are two glycoproteins that have yet to be identified at a genetic level, but evidence has been obtained that they may also be lectins. Carbohydrate affinity chromatography with mannose-agarose shows that TES-32 selectively binds as expected, but that TES-45 is also present in small amounts (Loukas et al., 1999) unlike TES-32, TES-45 does not bind to A -ace Lylgalac t< isamine. No sequence information has yet been obtained on TES-45, but it is recognized by polyclonal antibodies generated to TES-32,... 

It is noteworthy that most of the chemical shift values for all three polymers may be closely approximated ( ) by calculations based on data for monomeric reference compounds. These findings illustrate, therefore, the general validity of studies on low molecular weight model compounds for einalysis of spectra of carbohydrate polymers. Many examples of equally satisfactory comparisons of this kind are to be found in studies on other polysaccharides (11,23). These polymers include glucans (l6), mannans (2k, 2 ), limit dextrins (26), lichenin (2j), agarose (28) and various polysaccharides of fungal and microbial orgins (e.g., 7,8,29-31). Observed departures from expectation have been attributed to specific conformational influences ( 8). 

Carbohydrates as well as proteins are effectively coupled to divinyl-sulfone-activated agaroses. This variant is often more favorable then the activation by epoxides. As further advantage, the resulting vinyl group serves as a spacer. 

Agarose, gels, in chromatography, 14 Albumin, carbohydrate linkage in, 420, 444, 445 Alditols... 

Supports activated with divinyl sulfone, like those activated with bisoxirane, can be coupled to underivatized carbohydrates.21 The supports activated with divinyl sulfone couple to the hemiacetal hydroxyl group of the carbohydrate by the vinyl group. Accordingly affinity adsorbents prepared by this method will contain glycosyl units. The structure of the reaction product of L-fucose with agarose activated with divinyl sulfone is shown in 5. 

At high pH (10), Traut s reagent also is reactive with aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups, although the rate of reaction with these groups is only about 0.01 that of primary amines. In the absence of amines, however, carbohydrates such as agarose or cellulose membranes can be modified to contain sulfhydryl residues (Alagon and... 

J. N. BeMiller, Agar. Preparation of agar and agarose methanolysis mercaptolysis, Methods, Carbohydr. Chem., 5 (1965) 65-69. 

C. Rochas and M. Lahaye, Average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of agarose and agarose-type polysaccharides, Carbohydr. Polym., 10 (1989) 289-298. 

B. Quemener, M. Lahaye, and F. Metro, Assessment of methanolysis for the determination of composite sugars of gelling carrageenans and agarose by HPLC, Carbohydr. Res., 266 (1995) 53-64. 

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