Carbofuran metabolites

Sonobe, H., Kamps, L.R., Mazzola, E.P., and Roach, J.A.G. Isolation and identification of a new conjugated carbofuran metabolite in carrots angelic acid ester of 3-hydroxycarbofuran, /. Agric. Food Chem., 29(6) 1125-1129, 1981. 

Carbofuran Metabolite Assay. Rapid detection of enhanced degradation of carbofuran in soil can be accomplished in two different manners. The first approach is to measure the actual amount of carbofuran remaining after application and compare this value with what might be expected to remain after a selected time. This concept has been used by FMC in the form of a test ticket that colorimetrically determines the amount of carbofuran based on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The diagnostic kit is manufactured by Enzy-Tek of Lenexa, KS (20). A disadvantage of this method is lack of specificity due to the ability of the test reagents to react with other soil insecticides and their metabolites that are also acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. 

The residue definition includes benfuracarb and two of its metabolites, carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran... 

Modified from Turner, B.C. and J.H. Caro. 1973. Uptake and distribution of carbofuran and its metabolites in field-grown corn plants. Jour. Environ. Qual. 2 245-247. 

Carbofuran in animals may also be hydrolyzed to produce carbofuran-7-phenol. Hydrolysis of the 3-hydroxyderivative leads to formation of 3-hydrocarbofuran-7-phenol. Other degradation products include /V-hydroxymethyl carbofuran and, as in plants, 3-hydroxy- and 3-ketoderivatives. All of these compounds may become conjugated and excreted by animals in urine and, presumably, bile (Metcalf et al. 1968 Finlayson et al. 1979). At least 10 metabolites of carbofuran are known at present their interrelations are shown in detail by Menzie (1978). 

Deuel, L.E., Jr., J.D. Price, F.T. Turner, and K.W. Brown. 1979. Persistence of carbofuran and its metabolites, 3-keto and 3-hydroxy carbofuran, under flooded rice culture. Jour Environ. Qual. 8 23-26. 

Nelson, J., E.A. MacKinnon, H.F. Mower, and L. Wong. 1981. Mutagenicity of V-nitroso derivatives of carbofuran and its toxic metabolites. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 7 519-531. 

Kale, S.P., Murthy, N.B.K.,andRaghu, K. Effect of carbofuran, carbaryl, and their metabolites on the growth of 7 //rzobjutnsp. and Azotobacter chroococcum. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 42(5) 769-772, 1989. 

The first objective has been accomplished by the development of an HPLC procedure as reported by Spalik et al. ( 5) and GC/NPD procedures developed by Lemley and Zhong ( ). The second and third objectives are being accomplished by fundamental solution studies and reactive ion exchange experiments conducted in parallel. Lemley and Zhong (7) determined recently the solution kinetics data for base hydrolysis of aldicarb and its oxidative metabolites at ppm concentrations and for acid hydrolysis of aldicarb sulfone. They have since ( ) reported similar results for ppb solutions of aldicarb and its metabolites. In addition, the effect on base hydrolysis of temperature and chlorination was studied and the effect of using actual well water as compared to distilled water was determined. Similar base hydrolysis data for carbofuran, methomyl and oxamyl will be presented in this work. 

Carbofuran, phenolic metabolite Hydrolysis, distillation, column (alumina) Corn GC 44... 

R Lauren, MP Agnew. Determination of 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether derivatives of the phenolic metabolites of carbofuran by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 292 439-443, 1984. 

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