Carbamide-chloride melt

The fifth paper in this chapter is by S. Kochetova and N. Tumanova of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It addresses subjects of electrolysis of molten carbamides. Authors report on interesting results of their study of the mechanisms of reactions occurring in the carbamide and carbamide-chloride melts using techniques of cyclic voltammetry in combination with gas chromatography and IR spectroscopy. 

ELECTROLYSIS OF CARBAMIDE-CHLORIDE MELTS AT INERT ELECTRODES... 

In an individual molten carbamide, the electrode processes are feebly marked at melt decomposition potentials because of its low electrical conductivity. Both electrode processes are accompanied by gas evolution (NH3, CO, C02, N2) and NH2CN (approximately) is formed in melt. In eutectic carbamide-chloride melts electrode processes take place mainly independently of each other. The chlorine must evolve at the anode during the electrolysis of carbamide - alkali metal and ammonium chloride melts, which were revealed in the electrolysis of the carbamide-KCl melt. But in the case of simultaneous oxidation of carbamide and NH4CI, however, a new compound containing N-Cl bond has been found in anode gases instead of chlorine. It is difficult to fully identify this compound by the experimental methods employed in the present work, but it can be definitely stated that... 

Tumanova N., Volkov S., Kochetova S., Triphonova T., Buryak N. Passivation and redox processes of refractory metals in carbamide-chloride melt. J. Mining and Metallurgy, 2003 39 69-81. 

However, the physicochemical properties of nitrogen chloride give no grounds for the explanation of its stability under melt electrolysis conditions. The possibility of the formation of a chlorine derivative of carbamide according to the scheme ... 

Haloformamidines are derivatives of formic acid the name haloforma-midines is used by Chemical Abstracts, which numbers the center carbon atom 1, and lists the nitrogens as N and N. However, this class of compounds is more closely related to carbamic acid, as evidenced by its synthesis from urea (carbamic acid amide) and cyanamide (carbamic acid nitrile). In a recent article ( ) concerned with the synthesis and reactions of substituted chloroformamidine hydrochlorides, the term carbamido chlorides was used. Since chloroformamidine hydrochlorides I are the amido chlorides of carbamide, this generic name is not unreasonable. There is no evidence for the isomeric geminate chloride structure II, and the polar character of I is evidenced by the relatively high melting points of chloroformamidine hydrochlorides, and by their insolubility in nonpolar solvents ( ). 

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