Capillary electrochromatography monolithic polymer

Molecular imprinting has recently attracted considerable attention as an approach to the preparation of polymers containing recognition sites with predetermined selectivity. The history and specifics of the imprinting technique pioneered by Wulff in the 1970s have been detailed in several excellent review articles [122-124]. Imprinted monoliths have also received attention as stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography. 

Hilder, E. R, Svec, R, and Frechet, J. M. J. (2004). Shielded stationary phases based on porous polymer monoliths for the capillary electrochromatography of highly basic biomolecules. Anal. Chem. 76, 3887-3892. 

Li, Y., Chen, Y., Xiang, R., Ciuparu, D., Pfefferle, L. D., Horwath, C., and Wilkins, J. A., Incorporation of single-wall carbon nanotubes into an organic polymer monolithic stationary phase for mu-HPLC and capillary electrochromatography, Analytical Chemistry 77(5), 1398-1406, 2005. 

A wide variety of approaches are currently being used in the fabrication and technology of columns for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Continuous polymer bed, or monolithic columns (see Section 3.4), manufactured by in-situ polymerization within the columns, have been used in numerous application areas and have been shown to be highly efficient. In a second approach, a sol-gel process is employed to form a silica xerogel within the capillary, followed by bonding of the stationary-phase group alternatively, the separation medium itself may be polymerized in situ. 

Ngola, S.M. Fintschenko, Y. Choi, W-Y. Shepodd, T.J. Conduct-as-cast Polymer Monoliths as Separation Media for Capillary Electrochromatography, AnaZ. Chem. 73, 849-856 (2001). 

Peters, E.C., et al.. Molded rigid polymer monoliths as separation media for capillary electrochromatography, Anal. Chem., 69, 3646, 1997. 

Svec, F., Monolithic stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography based on synthetic polymers Designs and apphcations, J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 23, 3, 2000. 

Svec, F. Peters, E.C. Sykora, D. Frechet, J.M. Design of the monolithic polymers used in capillary electrochromatography columns. J. Chromatogr. 2000, 887, 3-29. 

Capillary electrochromatography has experienced rapid progress during the last decade, expanding from 17 publications in 1994 to 191 in 2007. This has also led to several books and reviews [93-104] and analytical instrumentation is readily commercially available [105]. The developments in CEC include research on optimum stationary phases (polymer or silica based, adsorbed or imprinted, etc.), mobile phases (aqueous electrolytes with/without admixture of organic solvents or pseudophases) and apparatus design (open-tubular, packed or monolithic capillaries) up to lab-on-a-chip devices for pTAS [107]. 

Yu, C. Svec, F Frechet, J.M.J. Towards Stationary Phases for Chromatography on a Microchip Molded Porous Polymer Monoliths Prepared in Capillaries by Photoinitiated In Situ Polymerization as Separation Media for Electrochromatography, Electrophoresis 21,120-127 (2000). 

Yu, C., Svec, F., and Frechet, J.M., Towards stationary phases for chromatography on a microchip Molded porous polymer monoliths prepared in capillaries by photoinitiated in situ polymerization as separation media for electrochromatography. Electrophoresis, 21, 120, 2000. 

Hjerten, S. Standard and capillary chromatography, including electrochromatography, on continuous polymer beds (monoliths), based on water-soluble monomers. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1999, 38, 1205-1214. 

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