Capability penalties

Capability Penalties The amount paid for each kilowatt of additional capacity when the unit is unable to produce its required capability (measured at the maximum summer wet-bulb temperature and peak demand periods). ... 

Dow Fire and Explosion Index. The Dow Eire and Explosion Index (3) is a procedure usehil for determining the relative degree of hazard related to flammable and explosive materials. This Index form works essentially the same way as an income tax form. Penalties are provided for inventory, extended temperatures and pressures, reactivity, etc, and credits are appHed for fire protection systems, process control (qv), and material isolation. The complete procedure is capable of estimating a doUar amount for the maximum probable property damage and the business intermptionloss based on an empirical correlation provided with the Index. 

Currently the reaction is carried out using cobalt based catalysts with severe penalties in terms of harsh operating conditions (80 bar CO/H2, 200°C). In addition, substantial loss of substrate (ca. 10%) to hydrogenation makes the overall selectivity to the linear alcohol ca. 80% [15]. Rhodium based systems are capable of giving higher selectivities (>90%) to the desired linear aldeyde product under milder conditions (20 bar, 100°C) [13]... 

The redox chlorins at the core of the various reaction centers form an obvious chain with separations of less than 6 A that ensure rates of 10 ps or less. The effect of this chain is to apparently make the photoinduced oxidant and reductant capable of residing briefly on any of the chlorins, subject principally to the free energy of that state and the energetic penalty of any uphill reverse electron transfer. When the free energy... 

The LP storage tank is typically designed to provide 24 h of product backup. To 11 or maintain level will incur a refrigeration penalty. As discussed in Section 3.2.1.1, this refrigeration penalty can be offset by producing liquid at periods of low oxygen demand or by adding external liquefaction capability. 

There may be a lack of in-house expertise resulting in the need to contract out the work or the need to develop an in-house capability. Alternatively, there may be a lack of in-house facilities or equipment to handle the candidate drug. These issues need to be resolved quickly or else time penalties could be incurred. Other areas of risk include the sources of excipients and packaging components. Some excipients or packaging components may only be available from one supplier, with the risk that the supplier could go out of business. 

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