Cancer therapy, polymers

Zhang, C., Pan, D., Luo, K., Li, N., Guo, C., Zheng, X., Gu, Z. Dendrimer-doxoruhicin conjugate as enzyme-sensitive and polymeric nanoscale drug delivery vehicle for ovarian cancer therapy. Polym. Chem. (2014). doi 10.1039/C4PY00601A... 

For cancer therapy, the well estabhshed N(-2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HMPA) polymers have been extensively studied. PKl, a 28-kDa HPMA copolymer containing doxorubicin (Figure 1.3) is now in clinical testing [15]. Other drugs that have been incorporated... 

Soluble polymer conjugates have been introduced into clinical practice in the last decade [90,94], Several PEG conjugates have been evaluated clinically [145] for cancer therapy including a PEG conjugate of asparaginase in the treatment of ALL in patients hypersensitive to the native enzyme [146], and a PEG conjugate of IL-2 [147],... 

Thanou, M., and Duncan, R. Polymer-protein and polymer-drug conjugates in cancer therapy. Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 4(6) 701—709. 2003. 

Vorhies, J.S., and Nemunaitis, J.J. (2008) Synthetic vs. natural/biodegradable polymers for delivery of shRNA based cancer therapies, in Macromolecular drag delivery (Belting, M., ed.), Humana Press, pp. 11-29. 

Synthetic vs. Natural/Biodegradable Polymers for Delivery of shRNA-Based Cancer Therapies... 

Polymers for Potential Cancer Therapy A Brief Review... 

The present, brief review clearly shows that several different types of polymers can exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is not possible, at the present time, to state with certainty which polymeric system(s) will eventually prove to be the most useful in cancer therapy, but a directed polymeric antineoplastic agent would probably be the most desirable, if such a system can actually be synthesized. Some of the areas highlighted in this review will be considered further In some of the subsequent chapters of this book. 

Pridgen EM, Langer R, Farokhzad OC (2007) Biodegradable, polymeric nanoparticle delivery systems for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine 2 669-680 Rzaev ZMO, Dincer S, Piskin E (2007) Functional copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide for bioengineering applications. Prog Polym Sci 32 534—595 Schild HG (1992) Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) - experiment, theory and application. Prog Polym Sci 17 163-249... 

The control of inverse transition temperatures by sequence manipulation and biocompatibility of ELPs make them useful polymers for drug delivery. Cultured cancer cells and solid tumors in animal models uptake fluorescently labeled ELPs in a thermally responsive manner (48,49). Two major limitations in cancer therapy have been the inability of therapeutic molecules to cross the cell membrane and the target-specificity of the compounds. To overcome these limitations cell-penetrating, peptides (CPP) have been fused with ELPs (CPP-ELP) to develop thermally responsive therapeutics with the ability to translocate the cell membrane (Figure 3B). CPPs can assist in the transportation of hydrophilic compounds (small molecules, oglionucleotides and peptides) across the cell membrane (50). Fusing ELPs to a variety of CPPs have revealed that the peptide sequence of penetratin demonstrates the most efficient cellular uptake (51). Further, these CPP-ELPs have been fused to a c-Myc inhibitory peptide known to target and inhibit cancer. As proof of principle, these fusion proteins inhibits proliferation of cultured cancer cell lines in a thermally responsive manner (52). 

Vaidya A, Sun Y, Feng Y, Emerson L, Jeong EK, Lu ZR. Contrast-enhanced MRI-guided photodynamic cancer therapy with a pegylated bifunctional polymer conjugate. Pharm Res 2008 25 2002-2011. 

---