Cancer therapy photothermal

Lai S, Clare SE, Halas NJ (2008) Nanoshell-enabled photothermal cancer therapy Impending clinical impact. Acc Chem Res 41(12) 1842-1851... 

For evaluating photothermal agents, one of the key parameters is photothermal conversion efficiency. In this chapter, we first introduce the measurement method for photothermal conversion efficiency, which is discussed by an example from our group. Subsequendy,we summarize the progress of research on the four kinds of photothermal agents as well as the combination of PAT with other nanobiotechnology. The future prospects and challenges of this novel approach to cancer therapy are addressed in the final section of this chapter. 

The photothermal application of one-dimensional CNTs scored great success in cancer therapy. Inspired by that, two-dimensional graphene has also attracted attention and brings more opportunities in nanobiomedicine because of its unique physical and chemical properties. ... 

Figure 10.8 Photosensitizer (Ce6)-loaded plasmonic gold vesicles (GVs) for trimodality fluorescence/thermal/photoacoustic imaging guided synergistic photothermal/photodynamic cancer therapy. (Reproduced with permission from S. Wang, P. Huang, L. Nie, R. Xing, D. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Lin, S. Chen, G. Niu, G. Lu and X. Chen, Adv. Mater., 2013,25,3055. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. )...

A. M. Gobin et al.. Near-infrared resonant nanoshells for combined optical imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. Nano Letters, 7(7), 1929-1934 (2007). 

Nanoshell-assisted photothermal cancer therapy can be summarized in a few steps. First, nanoshells must accumulate within the tumor. This can be accomplished through direct or intravenous injection. When nanoshells are administered intravenously, they travel through systemic circulation until they accumulate at the tumor site. Particles up to 400 nm in diameter have been shown to extravasate and remain in tumor beds because of a phenomenon known as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Once a sufficient number of nanoshells have accumulated inside the tumor, NIR light can be applied with an external laser or through a fiber optic probe. This causes the nanoshells to heat up and induce irreversible thermal damage of tumor tissue. The feasibility of nanoshell-mediated photothermal cancer therapy has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Thus far, research has focused on cell studies and solid tumors associated with breast, prostate, brain, and colon cancers. 

C. (2006) Au nanoparticles to a viral vector potential for combined photothermal and gene cancer therapy. Nano Letters, 6, 587-91. 

Huang, X., El-Sayed, I.H., Qian, W. and El-Sayed, M.A. (2006) Cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy in the near-irrfrared region by using gold nanorods. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 2115-2120. 

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