Cancer lipid oxidation products

Focus on Lipid Oxidation Products and Colorectal Cancer DNA Adducts..391... 

Occurrence of Lipid Oxidation Products-Protein Adducts in Cancer.392... 

Lipid Oxidation Products, Cellular Pathways and Cancer.393... 

Focus on Lipid Oxidation Products and Colorectal Cancer Promoting Effect of HNE An Interplay between Ape Mutation and Nrf2/ARE Pathway. .. 397... 

It is important to note that the modifications generated by those lipid oxidation products contribute nearly to the same extent to DNA damage than the direct oxidized bases (Winczura et al. 2012). These lipid peroxidation aldehydes-DNA adducts have been reported in vivo in rodent and human DNA, in a wide variety of organs and tissue. For most of them, they can be found at a basal state (Marnett 1999 Nair et al. 1999, 2007), but their concentration is increased in the case of oxidative stress due, for instance, to inflammatory processes (Nair et al. 2007), but also in the case of PUFA-rich diet (Fang et al. 2007). For etheno-adducts, most of the studies report the presence of unsubstituted adducts, making the identification of the reactant enal impossible. However, a substituted etheno-adduct specific to the lipid oxidation product 4-oxo-nonenal has been found in greater amounts in the small intestine of mice prone to intestinal cancer (Min mice) and overexpressing the enzyme COX-2 involved in inflammatory processes than in the small intestine of control mice (Williams et al. 2006). 

Lipid Oxidation Products, Celluear Pathways and Cancer... 

In relation to cancer, there is some evidence that highly oxidized and heated fats may have carcinogenic characteristics. HNE (4-hydroxy-2-frans-nonenal), a secondary lipid peroxidation product derived from linoleic acid oxidation, has assumed particular interest because it has shown cytotoxic and mutagenic properties. Its toxicity, as well other secondary lipid peroxidation products (HHE 4-hydroxy-2-frans-hexenal and HOE 4-h yd roxy-2-trans-oc ten al), is explained through the high reactivity with proteins, nucleic acids, DNA, and RNA. Research links them to different diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer s, and liver diseases (Seppanen and Csallany, 2006). Research is rapidly progressing, but results are still not conclusive. 

It is well known that polyunsaturated fatty acids easily undergo peroxidation reactions catalysed by free radicals (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1999). Excess production of many of these lipid peroxidation products may result in a state that is frequently referred to as oxidant stress . This has been suggested as one of the underlying causes of the development of various cancers, cardiovascular and neurological diseases (Halliwell, 1994). However, lack of reliable analytical methods for the detection of in vivo lipid peroxidation or its end products has hampered progress in this field (Halliwell, 2000 Gutteridge and Halliwell, 1990). 

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