Camosolic acid

In the year 1952, Chipault et al. mentioned that rosemary and sage have the best antioxidant activities, followed by oregano, thyme, clove, allspice and black pepper [28], By using the CO2 extraction the camosolic acid, the most effective substance in this respect, can be enriched to high concentrations. 

Rosemary is the raw material most used for the production of camosolic acid. Medium qualities contain about 1.6 - 1.8 wt.%, and high-quality rosemary contains more than 2 wt.% camosolic acid. 

The optimized extraction pressure required in order to get a desired yield in a feasible time is about 500 bar. At 750 bar, camosolic acid has a higher solubility, and the extraction efficiency of 90% can be reached in a shorter time, but other, undesired substances, are also in the extract. 

At an extraction pressure lower than 400 bar the extraction efficiency for camosolic acid is not sufficient. 

Camosolic acid (abietane diterpene) Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) HIV-1 protease (0.2 pM) [54]... 

Main components Up to 2.5% essential oil (app. 1% in fresh leaves), app. 3% rosemarinic acid, which apart from camosolic acid, a tricyclic diterpenephenol, the bitter constituent camosol (not genuine but autoxidation product of camosolic acid) [249], rosmanol and others [250] are responsible for its antioxidating effect. Triterpe-... 

Other abietane derivatives with benzenoid ring C are among the active substances in some well-known medicinal herbs. The parent hydrocarbon (-)-8,l 1,13-abieta-triene occurs in the pine tree Pinus pallasiana (Pinaceae). (+)-Camosolic acid and the 20,7p-lactone (-olide) of its hydroxy-derivative referred to as camosol belong to the bitter substances of the oil of sage from Salvia camosa (Labiatae) and related species. (-)-Rosmanol, a 20,6p-lactone, is an antioxidant isolated from the leaves of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae), which also contain camosol. 

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