Charge-coupled devices camera technologies

In recent years, a new class of television camera detector based on integrated circuit technology has become available. These Include the charge Injection device (CID) (4, 5), the charge coupled device (CCD), and the photodiode array. Of these new detectors, the CID has many features which qualify it as a unique detector for emission spectrometry. These include ... 

Areas in which technological innovations have been accomplished include detection instruments [ranging from small portable luminometers (M3) to camera-type detectors (B32, K30) and charge-coupled devices (L3)], data analysis (E3, SI2), and assay formatting, e.g., immunofiltration (HI6). The so-called camera luminometers (B32) offer the joint advantages of ease of use, portability, and detectability without an electrical power supply. With fast film such as Polaroid 612 (20,000 ASA), exposure times can be as short as 5 sec. Examples of assays using enhanced chemiluminescence and Polaroid 612 film include a-fetoprotein (L9), albumin (L8), immunoglobulins and transferrin (J3), and ferritin (07). 

In the main there are two kinds of technologies for digital color cameras, the CCD (Charged Coupled Device) and the CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). While CCD cameras deliver images with a better quality and are more sensitive for low emittance, CMOS cameras are often used as high-speed cameras. Today, common CMOS high-speed cameras are able to record up to 32,000 images in a second. 

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