Calorimeter flash

Heat-flux data obtained from calorimeters present in the fire-affected area revealed maximum heat fluxes of 160-300 kW/m. Figure 5.1 shows the calorimeter positions, the final contours of the flash fire, and heat-flux data from calorimeters positioned near or in the flames. No data are available on flame propagation during the vapor-bum tests. 

The Seebeck coefficient were calculated from measurement of electromotive force with temperature difference of lOK. The electrical resistivity and Hall measurement were performed by van der Pauw method. The thermal conductivity were calculated from the thermal diffusivity, the specific heat and the density. The thermal diffusivity and the specific heat were measured by laser flash method and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), respectively. 

Measuring thermal parameters of Li-ion cells is crucial for optimizing the thermal design of battery systems with respect to lifetime and safety issues. The thermal parameters of interest are heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and heat exchange between the cell s surface and the environment due to radiation and convection. Traditionally, heat capacity is obtained by calorimeter measurements and thermal conductivity is obtained by heat flux or Xenon-Flash measurements [1], Disadvantages of these methods are the requirement of expensive measurement devices and the destruction of the cell for thermal conductivity measurements. 

The thermal conductivity was measured by a laser flash method. Disk-type samples (12.7 mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness) were set in an electric furnace. Specific heat capacities were measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. Thermal diffusivity (X, Wm K ) was calculated from thermal diffusivity (a, m s ), density (p, g/cm ) and specific heat capacity (C, J g K ) at each temperature using the following ... 

The thermal conductivity of samples with composition (Cai.x,Mgx)Zr4(P04)6 where x= 0.2 and 0.5 was investigated using a laser flash thermal diffusivity apparatus and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) at. ..e HTML facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Thermal conductivity was determined by the product of the thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and bulk density of each sample. Samples were made by sol-gel Process 1. 

C2H6O), methanol (CH4O) and acetone (CsHeO) at a constant content of water (0.5 mol.fr.) (Wormald and Vine, 2000 Wormald and Yerlett, 2000, 2002). The enthalpy increments (AH), measured with a cormter-current water-cooled flow calorimeter, were plotted as a function of pressure and represented as a set of isothermal p-AH curves. If these curves cross a two-phase region, they have two breaks at the dew and bubble point pressures, and the straight lines between them. In this way the values of the molar enthalpy of the saturated vapor and the molar enthalpy of the saturated liquid were obtained, as well as the molar enthalpy of flash vaporization of the mixtures. 

Second Example Flash Differential Scanning Calorimeter... 

Mathot, V, Pyda, M., Pijpers, T., Vanden Poel, G., van de Kerkhof, E., van Herwaarden, S., van Herwaarden, F., and Leenaers, A. (2011) The Flash DSC 1, a power compensation twin-type, chip-based fast scanning calorimeter (FSC) first findings on polymers. Thermochim. Acta, 522, 36-45. 

Rectangular shape samples with typical sizes of 10 mm x 4 mm x 1.5 mm were employed to simultaneously measure electrical conductivity o and Seebeck coefficient S by the standard four-probe methods in a He atmosphere (ULVAC-RIKO ZEM-3). Thermal conductivity k was calculated using the equation k = apC from the thermal diflfusivity a obtained by a flash diflusivity method (LFA 457, Netzsch) on a round disk sample with diameter of about 13 mm and thickness of 2 mm, and specific heat Cp was determined by a differential scanning calorimeter method (DSC Q2000, Netzsch). 

Figure 1 Different types of differential scanning calorimeters, (a) Three-dimensional cylindrical calorimeter (Tian-Calvet). (b) Three-dimensional calorimeter with power compensation, (c) Two-dimensional plate-like calorimeter, (d) Scheme of a twin-chip sensor (Mettler Toledo Flash 1 DSC ) for fast scanning calorimetry.

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