Caloplaca

Acarospora, Caloplaca citrina, Candelariella vitellina, Candelariella aurella, Lecanora dispersa, Physcia caesia, Rinodina subexigua, Scoliciosporum umbrinum, Stereocaulon pileatum, Xanthoria parietina Gyalideopsis sp. 

In addition, lichens add significantly to the aesthetics of the ecosystems in which they occur. The lovely orange and yellow colors of Caloplaca and Xanthoria lichens add much to the ambience of rocky seashores and tundras. And the intricate webs of filamentous Usnea lichens hanging in profusion from tree branches give a mysterious aspect to humid forests. These and other, less charismatic lichens are integral components of their natural ecosystems. These lichens are intrinsically important for this reason, as well as for the relatively minor benefits that they provide to humans. 

J. Garty, M. Galun, S. Fuchs, N. Zisapel, Heavy metals in the lichens Caloplaca aurantia from urban, suburban and rural region in Israel (a comparative study), Water, Air Soil Pollut., 8 (1977), 171-184. 

During the 1964/65 field season Velon H. Minshew landed on Mt. Webster in a US Army helicopter that was stationed at the time at a geological field camp (Camp Ohio 11) on the Reedy Glacier (Caloplaca Hills, Antarctica, SVl-10/12, US Geological Survey, 1968, Washington, DC). Mt. Webster in Fig. 6.17 is the principal nunatak in the area north of the Leverett Glacier and is located about 23 km south of Mt. Manke in the Harold Byrd Mountains. Minshew measured a stratigraphic section of the sedimentary and volcanic rocks at Mt. Webster and used these rocks to define the Leverett Formation (Minshew 1967 Mirsky 1969). 

The granitic basement rocks of the Wisconsin Range Batholith are the dominant lithology in the Quartz Hills and Caloplaca Hills west of Reedy Glacier (Fig. 7.4). They also form the main part of the exposed basement rocks east of the Reedy Glacier and extend east as far as the Long Hills. These granitic basement... 

Manojlovic, N. T. Solujic, S. Sukdolak, S. Milosev, M. Antifungal activity of Rubia tinctorum, Rhamnus frangula and Caloplaca cerina. Fitoterapia 2005, 7<5, 244-246 Chem. Abstr. 2005, 143, 189764. 

Caloplaca ferruginea 7-Chloroemodin Emodic acid 7-Chloroemodin Renner and Gerstner (1978a)... 

StL Caloplaca xanthaspis (Krempelh.) Zahlbr., Nephroma laevigatum Ach. 

Nakano H, Komiya T, Shibata S (1972) Anthraquinones of the lichens of Xanthoria and Caloplaca and their cultivated mycobionts. Phytochemistry 11 3505-3508... 

Renner B, Gerstner E (1978a) Anthrachinone aus der Mycobiontenkultur und dem ThaUus von Caloplaca ferruginea. Naturwissenschaften 65 439... 

Yosioka I, Hino K, Fujio M, Kitagawa I (1971a) A new trichlorodepsidone from a lichen of the genus Caloplaca, Chem Pharm Bull 19 1070-1073... 

Manojlovic et al. (2005) reported antifungal activity of the anthraquinone parietin isolated from Caloplaca cerina. A potent fungitoxic compotmd, lecanoric acid, was isolated from Parmotrema tinctorum lichen and tested against the fungus... 

Methanol-water (90 10 v/v) extracts of five polar lichen species, namely, Stereocaulon alpinum, Ramalina terebrata, Caloplaca sp., Lecanora sp. and Caloplaca regalis, from King George Island were analysed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) followed by a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) spray technique. The experimental data showed that 33-50 % of the major crmstituents of the test extracts were active antioxidants (Bhattarai et aL 2008a, b). 

Caloplaca aurantia Emodin Anthraquinones APP Antifungal activity Manojlovic et al. (1998)... 

Manojlovic NT, Novakovic M, Stevovic V et al (2005) Antimicrobial metabolites from three Serbian Caloplaca. Pharm Biol 43 718-722... 

Yosioka and co-workers (338) isolated the known depsidone vicanicin (292) from a Caloplaca species. They were unable to obtain an authentic sample so they confirmed structure (292) by spectroscopy and by subjecting the ethyl ether (389) to the nitric acid oxidation technique of Dean et al. 98) which afforded the identifiable fragments (392) and (393) (Scheme 48). Sargent and Elix and their co-workers 288) isolated vicanicin (292) from Psoroma sphinctrinum another chemical strain produced norvicanicin (391), also available by boron tribromide induced demethylation of vicanicin (292). Vicanicin was synthesized 276) from the benzophenone (394) which on oxidation afforded the grisadienedione converted by exposure to base or add into the depsidone (395) and thence by chlorination into vicanicin (292). 

Nakano, H., T. Komya, and S. Shibata Anthraquinones of the Lichens of Xanthoria and Caloplaca and their Cultivated Mycobionts. Phytochem. 11, 3505 (1972). Neelakantan, S., R. Padmasani, and T. R. SeshaDri A Note on the Synthesis of Diploicin Methyl Ether. Current Sci. (India) 33, 365 (1964). 

Magnusson, A. H. (1944). Studies in the ferruginea-group of the genus Caloplaca. Goteborgs Kgl. Vetensk. Vitterhets Samhaelles Handl., Ser. B 3, 1-17. 

Poelt, J. (1963). Flechtenflora und Eiszeit in Europa. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 10, 206-215. Poelt, J. (1965a). Uber einige Artengruppen der Flechtengattungen Caloplaca und Fulgensia. 

Entergrapha crassa Lecidea macrocarpa Pyrenula nitida Gmphis elegans Lecanora conizaeoides Caloplaca aumntia Protoblastenia rupestris... 

Lecanora campestris Lecanora conizaeoides Lecanora atra Lecidea limitata Lecidea macrocarpa Baeomyces rufus Ochrolechia parella Pertusaria pertusa Xanthoria parietina Caloplaca heppiana Toninia coeruleonigricans Buellia canescens Graphis spp. 

Pyatt and Harvey (1973) have studied the fungus Tichothecium erraticum which occurs on thalli and apothecia of Caloplaca heppiana and Lecanora campestris. When infected thalli were enclosed within damp petri dishes, ascospores of both the host and pathogen were discharged within two days. They used the spore-train technique and observed that the spore discharge of both Caloplaca heppiana and Tichothecium erraticum generally occurred between 10 PM, and 6 AM, i.e., both were nocturnal species. 

From an examination of an infected apothecium of Caloplaca heppiana, it was found that discharged ascospores of the parasite were present on the hymenial surface of the host. Indeed it does seem possible that the smaller spores of Tichothecium erraticum (2-2.5 x 6-6.5 jum) may be picked up by the larger spores of Caloplaca heppiana (10.5-13.0 x 6.3-8.4 m)at the moment of discharge to yield a composite propagule. 

Caloplaca heppiana. Prolific spore discharge is limited to November, December, and January, and maximum germination (20%) occurs in November. 

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