California Research Corp

A recent commercial development in catalytic polymerization of olefins has been made by the California Research Corp. This process employs a reaction chamber filled with crushed quartz which is coated with liquid phosphoric acid in situ. The catalyst is reported to have a life of 100 gallons of polymer per pound of 75% by weight phosphoric... 

From adsorption analysis data, it is possible to calculate theoretical yields of deoiled wax, asphalt, resins, and solvent extraction yields of waxy raffinate. Nearly 100 different stocks have been so evaluated by California Research Corp. during the past few years and many of these data have been correlated with operations in refinery equipment and with pilot plant operations. 

The consultations of T. Vermeulen of the University of California and C. J. Haiamka of California Research Corp. and the cooperation of Max B. Miller, Jr., of the Max B. Miller Co., Merle Perkins of The M. W. Kellogg Co., and W. P. Gee and W. Kiersted of Texaco Development Co. are gratefully acknowledged. The author also desires to thank the California Research Corp. and the Standard Oil Co. of California for permission to publish this paper. 

Carbon Deposition, California Research Corp., Richmond, Calif., Nov. 30, 1951. 

California Research Corp. under the direction of Toland. Since one-step oxidation of toluene to phenol did not seem feasible, a multistep synthesis was developed. Toluene can be oxidized under various conditions by known methods to benzoic acid. The easiest, most economical method is the catalytic, liquid-phase oxidation with air (27, 30). 

Pertinent patents dealing with the toluene-to-phenol process are listed in Table XXL It is difficult to judge, based on the published literature alone, which of the processes described in the patents are practiced. According to a recent article, Dow Chemical Co. apparently manufactures phenol by processes described in their own patents as well as by some California Research Corp. patents licensed to Dow (8). A schematic flowsheet illustrating the technical execution of the process is given in Figure 3. 

---