Diazepam caffeine

Simultaneous l-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine, metabolites, amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, clomipramine, duphenazine, imipreimine Noninterfering caffeine, diazepam, desipramine, mianserin, zimeldine Interfering haloperidol... 

Noninterfering acetaminophen, acetazolamide, amphetamine, bilirubin, caffeine, diazepam, dimenhydrinate, meperidine, meprobamate, methamphetamine, methaqualone, methylphenidate, nicotine, propojcyphene, theophylline, valproate Interfering phensuximide... 

Also analyzed aspirin, chlordiazepoxide, chlorprothixene, clonazepam, caffeine, diazepam, doxylamine, ethosuximide, furosemide, haloperidol, hydrochlorothiazide, methocarbamol, methotrimeprazine, nicotine, oxazepam, procaine, promazine, propafenone, propranolol, salicylamide, temazepam, tetracaine, thiopental, triamterene, veraptimil, zolpidem, zopiclone... 

Extracted carbamazepine, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, primidone Simultaneous amobarbital, barbital, chlordiazepoxide, codeine, ethotoin, glutethimide, hexobarbital, hydrocortisone, mephenytoin, mephobarbital, metharbital, methsuximide, nitrazepam, phenacetin, phensixximide, secobarbital Noninterfering acetaminophen, acetazolamide, amphetamine, bilirubin, caffeine, diazepam, dimenhydrinate, meperidine, meprobamate, methamphetamine, methaqualone, methylphenidate, nicotine, propoxyphene, theophylline, valproic acid Interfering pentobarbital... 

Simultaneous alimemazine, amitriptyline, amphetamine, bupivacaine, buprenorphine, clomipramine, cocaine, codeine, ethylmorphine, glafenine, meperidine, methampheta-mine, methotrimeprazine, morphine, norcodeine, nortriptyline, pentazocine Noninterfering acetaminophen, aspirin, barbiturates, benzoylecgonine, caffeine, diazepam, flunitrazepam, lidocaine, lorazepam, nalorphine, naloxone, nitrazepam, nordiaze-pam, norflunitrazepam, normorphine, oxazepam, prazepam, triazolam, zolpidem Interfering cyamemazine, desipramine, imipramine... 

Loke, W. H., Hinrichs, J. V., and Ghoneim, M. M., Caffeine and diazepam Separate and combined effects on mood, memory, and psychomotor performance. Psychopharmacology 87, 344-350, 1985. 

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Cipro XR, Proquin XR) [Antibiotic/ Fluoroquinolone] Uses Rx lower resp tract, sinuses, skin skin structure, bone/joints, urinary tract Infxns including prostatitis Action Quinolone antibiotic DNA gyrase Dose Adults. 250-750 mg PO ql2h XR 500-1000 mg PO q24h or 200-400 mg IV ql2h in renal impair Caution [C, /-] Children <18 y Contra Component sensitivity Disp Tabs, susp, inj SE Restlessness, N/V/D, rash, ruptured tendons, T LFTs Interactions T Effects Wf probenecid T effects OF diazepam, theophylline, caffeine, metoprolol, propranolol, phenytoin, warfarin effects W/ antacids, didanosine, Fe salts. Mg, sucralfate, Na bicarbonate,... 

Acute dystonias are typically seen in the first few days to weeks of treatment and can occur with even limited exposure (e.g., children treated with a single dose of prochlorperazine for nausea). Although dystonias may disappear spontaneously, they should be treated aggressively, as they are often painful and upsetting to the patient. Rarely, laryngeal dystonias may seriously compromise respiration. Occasionally, an acute dystonic reaction is resistant to standard treatment but may respond to parenteral diazepam, caffeine sodium benzoate, or barbiturate-induced sleep. 

Omeprazole can inhibit the metabolism of drugs metabolised mainly by the cytochrome P-450 enzyme subfamily 2C (diazepam, phenytoin), but not of those metabolished by subfamilies lA (caffeine, theophylline), 2D (metoprolol, propranolol), and 3A (ciclosporin, lidocaine (lignocaine), quinidine). Since relatively few drugs are metabolised mainly by 2C compared with 2D and 3A, the potential for omeprazole to interfere with the metabolism of other drugs appears to be limited, but the half lives of diazepam and phenytoin are prolonged as much as by cimetidine. 

A2 Tertiary amine TCAs, duloxetine, theophylline, phenacetin, TCAs (demethylation), clozapine, diazepam, caffeine Fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, moclobemide, ramelteon Tobacco, omeprazole... 

Short-term management of insomnia Action Benzodiazepine Dose 1-2 mg PO qhs PRN X in hepatic impair/elderly/debilitated Caution [X, -] T Effects w/ CNS depressants Contra PRG Disp Tabs SE Somnolence, weakness, palpitations, anaphylaxis, angioedema, amnesia Interactions T Effects W/ amoxicillin, clarithromycin T effects OF diazepam, phenytoin, warfarin X effects W/ food X effects OF azole antifungals, digoxin EMS Use caution w/ other benzodiazepines, may need a reduced dose concurrent EtOH and caffeine use can T CNS effects OD May cause altered reflexes, drowsiness, CNS depression, slurred speech, and Szs flumazenil can be used as an antidote... 

Edder et al. reported the capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of basic drugs of abuse, namely nicotine, caffeine, methadone, cocaine, imipramine, codeine, diazepam, morphine, benzoylecgonine, papverine, narcotine, and strychnine [25]. They compared the separation of these drugs on DBS and DB wax columns. The chromatographic conditions included a carbon dioxide mobile phase and a flame-ionization detector. It was noted that on the DBS column, all peaks other than methadone and cocaine were separated. With the exception of benzoylecgonine and papaverine, all other peaks were separated on a DB wax column. A reproducibility of less than 5% was obtained with an internal standard method. The detection limits obtained were within 10-50 ppm on both the columns. A linearity of >0.99 was obtained for methadone, codeine, and morphine in the concentration range 10-1000 ppm. 

Figure 6.17 The classification of 42 drugs in the (solubility-dose ratio, apparent permeability) plane of the QBCS. The intersection of the dashed lines drawn at the cutoff points form the region of the borderline drugs. Key 1 acetyl salicylic acid 2 atenolol 3 caffeine 4 carbamazepine 5 chlorpheniramine 6 chlorothiazide 7 cimetidine 8 clonidine 9 corticosterone 10 desipramine 11 dexamethasone 12 diazepam 13 digoxin 14 diltiazem 15 disopyramide 16 furosemide 17 gancidovir 18 glycine 19 grizeofulvin 20 hydrochlorothiazide 21 hydrocortisone 22 ibuprofen 23 indomethacine 24 ketoprofen 25 mannitol 26 metoprolol 27 naproxen 28 panadiplon 29 phenytoin 30 piroxicam 31 propanolol 32 quinidine 33 ranitidine 34 salicylic acid 35 saquinavir 36 scopolamine 37 sulfasalazine 38 sulpiride 39 testosterone 40 theophylline 41 verapamil HC1 42 zidovudine.

Caffeine (16 mg/kg p.o.) and diazepam (8 mg/kg p.o.), administered under the same experimental conditions, are used as reference substances. 

Fig. 5. Sleep/wakefulness in the Rat Barbital Interaction Test. Effects of caffeine and diazepam (p.o.) on the duration of sleep induced by barbital in the rat.

At least 40 drugs interact with caffeine, including benzodiazepines (for example diazepam, whose sedative effect is counteracted by caffeine) (40). 

Mattila MJ, Nuotto E. Caffeine and theophylline counteract diazepam effects in man. Med Biol 1983 61(6) 337 13. 

It is instructive to examine which drugs are substrates for various isoforms of CYP enzymes. Table 11.2 lists some of the substrates for different CYP isoforms (10, 11). There are several examples of a single compound that is metabolized by multiple CYP enzymes (acetaminophen, diazepam, caffeine, halothane, warfarin, testosterone, zidovudine), and CYP enzymes that metabolize bioactive endogenous molecules (prostaglandins, steroids) as well as drugs. 

GC-MS methods provide greater specificity and in many cases sensitivity when compared with more conventional techniques. They offer increased scope for the study of pharmacokinetics and of plasma concentration in relation to biological effect. SIM assay has been applied to the investigation of placental transfer of lipid soluble drugs and their subsequent elimination in the newborn (barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin, caffeine, pethidine and diazepam [122,408] diphenylhydantoin [411] amylobarbitone and 3 -hydroxyamylobarbitone [83,423]). 

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