Byssochlamys

Reps, A., Poznanski, S. and Kowalska, W. 1970. Characteristics of milk-coagulating proteases obtained from Byssochlamys fulua and Endothia parasitica. Milchwissenschaft. 25, 146-150. 

Reps, A., Poznanski, S., Rymaszewski, J., Jakubowski, J. and Jarmul, I. 1973. Production of milk-clotting enzymes by Byssochlamys fluva and Endothia parasitica moulds. Roczniki Instytutu Przemyslu Mleczarskiego 15, 73-85. 

Patulin was originally considered desirable for its antibacterial properties. However, its toxicity to mammals precluded its use as an antibiotic. Patulin (fig. 4), a metabolite of many species of Penicillium and Aspergillus, has been detected in damaged apples, apple juice and apple cider made from partially decaying apples and in other fruit juices as well as in wheat. A heat-resistant fungus Byssochlamys nivea, frequently found in foods also produces patulin [109]. Due to highly reactive double bonds that readily react with sulfhydryl... 

Aspergillus clavatus, A. giganteus, A. terreus, and Byssochlamys nivea (Davis and Diener, 1987). 

Patulin (Figure 42) is a small polyketide-derived mycotoxin, originally isolated as an antibiotic in the 1940 s. It was isolated from fungal strains of Byssochlamys nivea [149] as a FPTase inhibitor. 

Mycelium-growth inhibitor oats Byssochlamys nivea... 

CigHjoOfi, Mr 332.35, mp. 163.5 C, [a)u +108° (CHClj), prisms. Mycotoxin from Byssochlamysfulva (Paecilomyces variotii) and Byssochlamys nivea, two ascomycetes, that often contaminate fruit juices and conserved fruits since their ascospores are thermally resistant and can be killed only if heated to over 85 °C. Ut. BeilsteinEV 19/5,406-Helv.Chim. Acta 64,2791 (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114,9673 (1992) (synthesis) Zechmeis-ter 25, 131 -149. - ICAS 743-51-1J... 

The microbial culprit organisms found to produce this environmental toxin are mostly Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys species (286-288) including P. patulum (289), P. urticae (290), P. claviforme (291), and P. expansum (292). While patulin (348) possesses antibiotic properties (293), it has not been investigated fully in this respect due to its toxic effects against mammals and plants (294). The chemical identity of patulin (348) was proposed initially incorrectly in 1948 (295), with the structure corrected by Woodward and Singh the following year to the structure shown (348, Fig. 7.1). 

Roland JO, Beuchat LR, (1984) Biomass and Patulm Production by Byssochlamys nivea in Apple Juice as Affected by Sorbate, Benzoate, SO2 and Temperature. J Food Sci 49 402... 

Byssochlamys sp. Acrylic acid Acrylic acid Takamizawa et al. (1993)... 

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