Ethyl 1 - butyl - 2 - methyl - 4 -

Perfumes, Flavors, Cosmetics, and Soap. Many naturally occurring esters in essential oils and some synthetic esters are important fragrance and flavor compounds (61,62). They are used in perfumes, flavors, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, and air fresheners. Benzyl, butyl, ethyl, methyl, and phenyl esters of benzoic acid are used as flavors, perfumes, and food preservatives. Glyceryl 4-aminobenzoate [136-44-7] and 2-ethyUiexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate [21245-02-3] are used in cosmetic sunscreen preparations. Alkyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, called parabens, have been used under various names for fungus infections of the skin, and as preservatives in lotions and creams (101). Soap and cosmetic fragrances use large amounts of amyl and benzyl saHcylate. Benzyl saHcylate [118-58-1] is also used in deodorant sprays. 2-Ethylhexyl saHcylate [118-60-5] and 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate [5466-77-3] are used in sunscreen formulations (102). 

In the field of soluble conducting polymers new data have been published on poly(3-alkylthiophenes " l They show that the solubility of undoped polymers increases with increasing chain length of the substituent in the order n-butyl > ethyl methyl. But, on the other hand, it has turned out that in the doped state the electro-chemically synthesized polymers cannot be dissolved in reasonable concentrations In a very recent paper Feldhues et al. have reported that some poly(3-alkoxythio-phenes) electropolymerized under special experimental conditions are completely soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents in both the undoped and doped states. The molecular weights were determined in the undoped state by a combination of gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), mass spectroscopy and UV/VIS spectroscopy. It was established that the usual chain length of soluble poly(3-methoxthythiophene) consists of six monomer units. 

Hydrophobic sorbents including octadecyl, octyl, diphenyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, butyl, ethyl, methyl, and copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene can be applied for retaining nonpolar to medium polar analytes. In this list, the styr-ene-divinylbenzene copolymer phases such as PRP-1 and XAD-2 are the most nonpolar phases, while the methyl phase is the least nonpolar one. The analytes are adsorbed onto the hydrophobic materials by means of van der Waals interactions and, to some extent, by hydrophobic bonding or dipole-dipole interactions. 

Albumin and Protein, Hitrated. See Protein and Albumin Nitrated Alcohol (Span). Alcohol Alcohol An organic alkyl compd contg a hydroxyl group. It is also the common name for ethyl alcohol or ethanol. This and other alcohols, as well as their nitrated derivs, are described under individual names, such as allyl-, amyl- butyl-, ethyl-, methyl-, propyl-, etc... 

If solutes dissolve only in nonpolar or weakly polar solvents, the decision tree suggests that we try reversed-phase chromatography. Our choices include bonded phases containing octadecyl (CJg), octyl, butyl, ethyl, methyl, phenyl, and cyano groups. 

Butyl-ethyl-methyl-propyl- (iodid) XIII/8, 571... 

The ease of cleaving of Pb—C bonds by Na in liq NH3 is ordered allyl > benzyl s-butyl > n-butyl > ethyl > methyl > phenyl > p-dimethylaminophenyl, consistent with a mechanism involving nucleophilic attack of Na at the carbon atom having the lowest electron density . 

The chemical reactivities of ketones follow the order terf-butyl > ethyl > methyl, which is the stability order for the cations or radicals of these groups. This suggests that the mechanisms of ketone decomposition involve a rate-determining migration of an electrophilic alkyl moiety of the ketone, perhaps leading to the production of acyl and alkoxy radicals from some partially oxidized intermediate. 

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