Butyl alcohol viscosity

The most common a2eotropes (3,4) formed by the butanols are given in Table 2. Butyl alcohol Hquid vapor pressure/temperature responses (5,6), which are important parameters in direct solvent appHcations, are presented in Figure 1. Similarly, viscosity/temperature plots (1) for the four butanols are presented in Figure 2. 

Fig. 2. Liquid viscosity of butyl alcohols A, 1-butanol B, isobutyl alcohol C, 2-butanol D, /-butyl alcohol.

A number of different materials were used as chain transfer agents to control molecular weight. These results are shown in Table 6.1. The effect of varying concentration of t-butyl alcohol and reaction temperature is shown in Figure 6.1. The results are consistent with normal free radical polymerizations. Polymer output was characterized by inherent viscosity and ZST tests. 

Dibutyl Formal Method. A procedure similar to that of Carothers (3, 6) was used in preparing polyformals from diols and dibutyl formal. Usually, 0.10 mole of dibutyl formal, 0.105 mole of the cyclic diol, and a catalytic amount of an acidic compound were heated in a metal bath at the boiling point of dibutyl formal (180° C.). If no butyl alcohol distilled over in about 0.5 hour, more catalyst was added. When insufficient butyl alcohol was obtained after about 2 hours, more catalyst was added. When an appreciable amount of the alcohol had been collected, the bath temperature was increased to 200° C. for about 1 hour. The pressure was then reduced to 0.5 mm. of Hg, while the prepolymer was stirred. If buildup of polymer did not take place in 1 to 2 hours (indicated by an increase in viscosity of the melt), the bath temperature was increased to 250° C. 

An experimental correlation has been obtained by Abul-Hamayel and Bell [209] to account for the density and viscosity variations in helicoidal pipe. Experiments with water, ethylene glycol, and w-butyl alcohol in a helicoidal pipe with the boundary condition were conducted. The following equation was derived from the measurement data ... 

Of the common solvents, tert-butyl alcohol because of its very low chain-transfer constant, may be used to produce polymers of relatively high molecular weight. If we concede that single-point measurements of specific viscosity and inherent viscosity may be considered indications of the general trend of molecular weights, then the effect of various solvents on the molecular weights of the poly(vinyl acetate) produced may be seen in Table XV. 

When 10 ml of water is substituted for the /er/-butyl alcohol, conversion drops to 39% while the intrinsic viscosity rises to 5.34 dl/gm (DMF, 100°C). 

Polymerization in t-butyl alcohol and in aqueous methanol is also reported [467,468]. In t-butyl alcohol, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as the initiator. After 16 h at 50 °C, 76% conversion of monomer to polymer was found. When the alcohol is replaced by water, the conversion dropped but the intrinsic viscosity rose to 5.34 dL/g, a value that is considered to indicate a molar mass higher than 500 000 g/mol. In aqueous methanol with diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate as initiator a conversion of 89.7% was yielded after 12 h at 45 °C with a pressure between 2.63 x 10 and 4.41 x 10 Pa. Methanol can be replaced by DMF, but that decreased the molar mass of the polymer to a value of less than 50 000 g/mol. 

Would you predict the surface tension of t-butyl alcohol, (CH3)3C0H, to be greater than or less than that of -butyl alcohol, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH Explain. Butanol and pentane have approximately the same mass, however, the viscosity (at 20 °C) of butanol is 17 = 2.948 cP, and the viscosity of pentane is 17 = 0.240 cP. Explain this difference. 

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