1-Butanesulfonic acid, sodium salt

Diethylene glycol butyl ether 1 -Cyc lohexyl-2-pyrrolid inone 2-Methyl-2-propyl-l,3-propanediol 1-Butanesulfonic acid sodium salt... 

Reynolds et al. [45] have prepared a water-soluble, self-doped poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-fc]-[l,4]dioxin-2-yl-methoxy)-l-butanesulfonic acid, sodium salt) (PEDOT-S) (Figure 4.28) by chemical synthesis using ferric chloride in chloroform. The monomer, sulfonated 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, was synthesized by following Chevrot et al. s synthesis method as shown in Figure 4.13 [30]. The electrochromic and hole-transporting multilayer films of PEDOT-S and poly(allylamine... 

The sodium salts and the acids of poly-3(2-ethanesul-fonate) thiophene and poly-3-(4-butanesulfonate) thiophene are the first known examples of water soluble CPs many other examples of water-soluble, self-doped CPs are given in recent reviews. Indeed, it is well known that the incorporation of highly soluble sulfonate groups on the CP backbone is a common method of achieving water solubility in a doped CP. The two most popular routes are the use of sulfonated polymeric dopants and the polymerization of sulfonated monomers. 

Wudl and Heeger et al, [17] electrochemically synthesized the sodium salts and acid forms of poly(3-thiophene ethanesulfonate) and poly(3-thiophene butanesulfonate). The monomers 3-thiophene ethanesulfonate and 3-thiophene butanesulfonate were prepared by the route shown in Figure 4.1. However, attempts to electropolymerize these monomers or their sulfonic acid derivatives were not successful. Therefore, the monomers, 3-thiophene alkanesulfonate methyl esters, were polymerized first, followed by conversion of the ester to the sodium salt via the sulfonyl chloride derivative. The sodium salts of poly (3-thiophene ethanesulfonate) and poly( 3-thiophene butanesulfonate) are reportedly soluble in water in their neutral (insulating) and doped (conducting)... 

The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the sodium salts and acid forms of poly(3-thiophene ethanesulfonate) and poly(3-thiophene butanesul-fonate) films show a tt-tt transition at 425 nm as well as transitions associated with the charge carrying bipolarons at 800 nm. The absorption peak attributed to bipolarons is more pronounced in the case of poly(3-thiophene butanesulfonic acid) solid film as shown in Figure 4.2. [18]. A relatively small shift in the absorption spectrum of poly(3-thiophene butanesulfonic acid) polymer is observed upon dissolution in water. In contrast, a significant blue shift has been reported between... 

In further studies, the self-doping mechanism of these polymers was verified by cyclic voltammetry, pH measurements and atomic absorption spectroscopy [17,20]. The cyclic voltammograms of the sodium salt and acid forms of poly(3-thiophene butanesulfonate) cast films are shown in... 

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