Buffering agents sodium acetate

Complexing agents, which act as buffers to help control the pH and maintain control over the free metal—salt ions available to the solution and hence the ion concentration, include citric acid, sodium citrate, and sodium acetate potassium tartrate ammonium chloride. Stabilizers, which act as catalytic inhibitors that retard the spontaneous decomposition of the bath, include fluoride compounds thiourea, sodium cyanide, and urea. Stabilizers are typically not present in amounts exceeding 10 ppm. The pH of the bath is adjusted. 

These reagents are required for proper color development. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is a reducing agent, which is required to keep the iron in the +2 state. The o-phenanthroline is a ligand that reacts with Fe2+ to form an orange-colored complex ion. This ion is the absorbing species. In addition, since the reaction is pH dependent, sodium acetate is needed for buffering at the optimum pH. 

Sodium acetate is a mordant in dyeing. Other applications are in photography, as an additive to food, in purification of glucose, in preservation of meat, in tanning, and as a dehydrating agent. In analytical chemistry it is used to prepare buffer solution. 

Copper Complexes. The preparation of copper and nickel complexes of tridentate metallizable azo and azomethine dyes is easily carried out in aqueous media with copper and nickel salts at pH 4-7 in the presence of buffering agents such as sodium acetate or amines. Sparingly water soluble precursors can be metallized in alkaline medium at up to pH 10 by using an alkali-soluble copper tetram(m)ine solution as coppering reagent, which is available by treating copper sulfate or chloride with an excess of ammonia or alkanolamines [3],... 

Sodium acetate Buffer agent, pH adjustment, solubilizing agent, stabilizer iv, im, sc, other inj. 

Sodium acetate, anhydrous Buffer, pH adjuster, solubilizing agent, stabilizer im... 

Glacial and diluted acetic acid solutions are widely used as acidifying agents in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations and food preparations. Acetic acid is used in pharmaceutical products as a buffer system when combined with an acetate salt such as sodium acetate. Acetic acid is also claimed to have some antibacterial and antifungal properties. 

Sodium acetate is used as a buffering agent in various intramuscular, intravenous, topical, ophthalmic, nasal, oral, otic, and subcutaneous formulations. It may be used to reduce the bitterness of oral pharmaceuticals. It can be used to enhance the antimicrobial properties of formulations it has been shown to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, but not C. albicans in protein hydrolysate solutions. It is widely used in the food industry as a preservative. Sodium acetate has also been used therapeutically for the treatment of metabolic acidosis in premature infants, and in hemodialysis solutions. ... 

An example of a continuous aqueous dispersion process is shown in Figure 12.5 [92]. A monomer mixture composed of acrylonitrile and up to 10% of a neutral comonomer, such as methyl acrylate or vinyl acetate, is fed continuously. Polymerization is initiated by feeding aqueous solutions of potassium persulfate (oxidizer), sulfur dioxide (reducing agent), ferrous iron (promoter), and sodium bicarbonate (buffering agent). The aqueous and monomer feed... 

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