Buchner, Eduard

BUCHNER, EDUARD (1860—1917). A German chemist who was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1907. His works included the synthesis of diiodoacelamid through alcoholic fermentation caused by enzymes, as well as the discovery of zymase, die first enzyme to be isolated. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Munich, where he became a lecturer. Later, he taught and performed research at Tubingen, Berlin, and Wiirzburg. 

Buchner, Eduard. (1860-1917). A German chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1907. His works included the synthesis of diiodoacetamid through alcoholic fermentation... 

Buchner, Eduard. Alkoholische Gahrung ohne Hefezellen. Ber. Chem. Ges. 30, 117-124 (1897). 

Buchner, Eduard Buchner, Hans and Hahn, Martin. Die Zymasegahrung (Oldenbourg, Munich, 1903). 

Buchner, Eduard (1860-1917) German chemist who researched fermentation and showed that Louis Pasteur was wrong in insisting that alcoholic fermentation required the exclusion of oxygen. For this finding he was awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in chemistry. 

Bubble chamber, 214 Buchner, Eduard, 138, 230 Buckminsterfiillerene Obuckyball) molecule, 144,... 

Buchner, E. Curtins, T. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1885, 18, 2371. Eduard Buchner (Germany, 1860—1917) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907 for biochemical studies and discovery of fermentation without cells. 

Eduard Buchner Germany fermentation in absence of cells and biochemistry... 

Neumeister, R. (1897) Bemerkungen zu Eduard Buchner s Mittheilungen tiber Zymase . 

In 1897 Eduard Buchner, the German research worker, discovered that sugar can be made to ferment, not only with ordinary yeast, but also with the help of the expressed juices of yeast which contain none of the cells of the Saccharomyces. .. Why was this apparently somewhat trivial experiment considered to be of such significance The answer to this question is self-evident, if the development within the research work directed on the elucidation of the chemical nature of (life) is followed. .. there, more than in most fields, a tendency has showed itself to consider the unexplained as inexplicable. .. Thus ordinary yeast consists of living cells, and fermentation was considered by the majority of research workers-among them Pasteur-to be a manifestation of life, i.e. to be inextricably associated with the vital processes in these cells. Buchner s discovery showed that this was not the case. It may be said that thereby, at a blow, an important class of vital processes... 

The science of biochemistry can be dated to Eduard Buchner s pioneering discovery. His finding opened a world of chemistry that has inspired researchers for well over a century. Biochemistry is nothing less than the chemistry of life, and, yes, life can be investigated, analyzed, and understood. To begin, every student of biochemistry needs both a language and some fundamentals these are provided in Part I. 

Since the latter part of the twentieth century, research on enzymes has been intensive. It has led to the purification of Eduard Buchner, thousands of enzymes, elucidation of the 1860-1917... 

Beginning with Eduard Buchner s discovery (c. 1900) that an extract of broken yeast cells could convert glucose to ethanol and C02, a major thrust of biochemical research was to deduce the steps by which this transformation occurred and to purify and characterize the enzymes that catalyzed each step. By the middle of the twentieth century, all ten enzymes of the glycolytic pathway had been purified and characterized. In the next 50 years much was learned about the regulation of these enzymes by intracellular and extracellular signals, through the kinds of allosteric and covalent mechanisms we have described in this chapter. The conventional wisdom was that 1860 1917 in a linear pathway such as... 

Comish-Bowden, A., ed. (1997) New Beer in an Old Bottle (Eduard Buchner and the Growth of Biochemical Knowledge), Valencia, Universitat de Valencia... 

S)-l-Amino-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine (SAMP) and RAMP are commercially available from Merck-Schuchardt (Frankfurter Strasse 250, 6100 Darmstadt or Eduard-Buchner-Strasse 14-20, 8011 Hohenbrunn, Germany) and Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The submitters prepared SAMP from (S)-proline as described in the accompanying procedure the checkers used SAMP from Merck-Schuchardt. 

Eduard Buchner Berlin Agricultural 1st alcoholic respiration with cell-free... 

Figure 2.21 Eduard Buchner - father of enzyme chemistry.

In 1878, the "fragments" identified by Pasteur were named enzymes by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kuhne. In 1897, Eduard Buchner, a German chemist, accidentally discovered that a yeast juice could convert sucrose to ethanol. He was able to show that the sugar was fermented even in the absence of living yeast cells in the mixture, and named the factor responsible for the fermentation of sucrose zymase. In 1907, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The 40 years of biochemical research that followed yielded the details of the chemical reactions of fermentation. 

The catalytic action of living organisms, or rather of the proteins they contain, had received the beginnings of an explanation with the experiments of Payen and Persoz on malt amylase separation in 1833 and with J. J, Berzelius s catalyst theory in 1835. In 1897 Eduard Buchner demonstrated that a yeast extract could turn sucrose into ethyl alcohol, Fermentation took place without the presence of living organisms through enzymes. In this case zymase was the catalyst. 

---