Bubble dynamic parameters

Thus, investigations of the spin-lattice relaxation rates in the water system showed directly that water by its nature is a metastable liquid. The degree of binding of its molecules depends essentially on the past history of the water system involved, and therefore in studies of dynamic parameters one has to take into account the metastable structural state of the water system. The water structure is considerably determined by atmospheric gases. Their removal from water without distortion of its structure results in the ordering of intermolecular interactions (water structuring), whereas bubbling with air, on the contrary,... 

The solution consists of four major steps (1) calculation of orifice and pipe velocities and pressure recovery time, (2) modeling of the turbulence downstream of the orifice, (3) solution of the bubble dynamic equation to obtain the important parameters of the reactor as functions of time, and (4) use of the results obtained in step 3 to design the... 

Analysis on the Basis of Bubble Dynamics The bubble behavior and hence the pressure pulse generated at the collapse of the cavity in the case of hydrodynamic cavitation depends upon the operating conditions as well as the geometry of the mechanical constriction that results in the generation of cavitating conditions downstream of the orifice. Thus, as a first step towards the design of hydrodynamic-cavitation reactors, it is important to understand the relationship between the cavity behavior and the operating parameters and possibly quantify the intensity of cavitation and then the net cavitational effects as a direct function... 

Pilhofer, Th., H. F. Bach, and K. H. Mamgartz. Determination of Fluid Dynamic Parameters in Bubble Column Design. ACS Symp. Series 65 (1978) 372. 

Determination of Fluid Dynamic Parameters in Bubble Colunm Design... 

The key parameters in this model are the fractional gas holdups due to the large and small bubbles, the bubble rise velocities, and the bubble diameters. The fractional gas holdup structure due to different size bubbles has been determined by a number of investigators (3, 5 ) using the dynamic gas disengagement technique. This technique involves the measurement of the rate of drop in the dispersion height when the gas supply is instantly shut off ( 8 ) The following systems have been studied air-water (9 ), air-Soltrol-130 (a mixture of... 

Much of the published work on extrusion has attempted to correlate process conditions and formulation with final product properties. Correlations are almost always found, and may be systematic within the particular set of variables examined, but do not survive when further parameters are examined in other studies. This makes them of limited use in even qualitative explanation of product properties. Re-examination of published data, bearing in mind the effect of material states on the expansion process after the die, shows that there is a systematic explanation that can be related to the material properties of the extruded mass, during the dynamic formation of bubbles and cellular structures. However, because of the transformation of materials within the barrel, both at the microscopic and molecular level, it is unrealistic to expect test methods on raw materials alone to relate directly to product structures and... 

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