Formation dynamics

Complexation with Chiral Metal Complexes. This idea was first suggested by Feibush et al.44 The separation is realized by the dynamic formation of diastereomeric complexes between gaseous chiral molecules and the chiral stationary phase in the coordination sphere of metal complexes. A few typical examples of metal complexes used in chiral stationary phase chromatography are presented in Figure 1-13.45... 

Dynamic formation of graft polymers was synthesized by means of the radical crossover reaction of alkoxyamines by using the complementarity between nitroxide radical and styryl radical (Fig. 8.13) [40]. Copolymer 48 having alkoxyamine units on its side chain was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of TEMPO-based alkoxyamine monomer 47 and MMA at 50°C (Scheme 8.9). The TEMPO-based alkoxyamine-terminated polystyrene 49 was prepared through the conventional nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization (NMP) procedure [5,41], The mixture of copolymers 48 and 49 was heated in anisole... 

Figure 8.13 Schematic representation for the dynamic formation of graft polymer through radical crossover reactions of alkoxyamine units [32],...

Scheme 8.10 Dynamic formation of graft polymer 50 prepared form copolymer 48 and TEMPO-based alkoxyamine-terminated polystyrene 49 [40].

Higaki, Y Otsuka, H. Takahara, A. Dynamic formation of grafted polymers via radical crossover reaction of alkoxyamines. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 1696-1701. 

In the present case, the radius of circles is Af = 0.005 (expressed in fraction unit), that is 0.016 A° in the absolute value. The cooperative nuclear motion, i.e. nuclear microcirculations , induces dynamic - cooperative formation of shortened and elongated in-plane B-B bond distances on the lattice scale, with a dynamic formation of increased and decreased interatomic charge densities - see Fig 9a-e, i.e. dynamic formation of non-adiabatic bipolarons. 

The key to controlling multiscale self-assembly is based on (i) the existence of previous individual components (ii) the weak-noncovalent-interactions between them and (iii) the dynamic formation of multiple suprastructures of which the most favored is that which minimizes its energy by a maximum number of interactions between individual components [48]. For this reason, the ultimate structure is predefined by various parameters of the initial components such as functionality, surface chemistry, shape, and size. 

J. H. Marburger, E. L. Dawes, Dynamical formation of a small-scale filament, Physical Review Letters 21, 556 (1968). Note that the radius considered in the classical writing of the Marburger formula is the half width at e 1,/2, not at 1/ e or 1 /e2 as usual. 

Much of the published work on extrusion has attempted to correlate process conditions and formulation with final product properties. Correlations are almost always found, and may be systematic within the particular set of variables examined, but do not survive when further parameters are examined in other studies. This makes them of limited use in even qualitative explanation of product properties. Re-examination of published data, bearing in mind the effect of material states on the expansion process after the die, shows that there is a systematic explanation that can be related to the material properties of the extruded mass, during the dynamic formation of bubbles and cellular structures. However, because of the transformation of materials within the barrel, both at the microscopic and molecular level, it is unrealistic to expect test methods on raw materials alone to relate directly to product structures and... 

Catenane synthesis can be also achieved by dynamic molecular association. Figure 3.27 shows an example of catenane preparation through the dynamic formation of a palladium (Pd) complex. Mixing the Pd complex with pyridine-type ligands in water induces the formation of both a monocyclic structure and an interlocked catenane. An equilibrium exists between these two structures, and the catenane structures are more favorable at higher concentrations. In the catenane structure, the benzene rings stack next to each other due to favorable... 

The self-assembly process in these studies was driven by strongly interacting groups which bind covalently to the metal surface [159]. However, several protocols for the dynamic formation of SERS hot spots using self-assembly have been developed based on DNA hybridization or n-n interactions [159, 163, 164]. As a result, a wide range of options for the controlled aggregation of silver and gold nanoparticles are now available. 

Maiorano G, Sabella S, Sorce B, Brunettd V, Malvindi MA, Cingolani R, Pompa PP (2010) Effects of cell culture media on the dynamic formation of protein-nanoparticle complexes and influence on the cellular response. ACS Nano 4(12) 7481-7491... 

Enzyme immobilization via dynamic formation of an enzyme gel layer has been applied both to flat and tubular membrane reactors, either recirculating the permeate or the axial stream. 

Analysed gases and oils are bottom-hole samples unless otherwise indicated in the text or figures. Bottom-hole samples (BHS) and cores generally predate enhanced oil recovery activity (1979-1984), thus represent original field conditions. Exceptions include multiple dynamic formation test (MDT) oils, repeat formation tester (RFT) oils, sidewall cores (SWC), or separator oil samples from recent wells usually at the periphery of the field. 

Fig. 3. In vitro TIRF microscopy can also be employed to visualize complex protein-actin interactions. By attaching F-actin elongating proteins on beads (e.g., VASP, left) or on coverslips (e.g., formins, middle, processive elongation of single filaments can be visualized and analyzed. In these cases, filament buckling (white arrowdf can be observed due to the insertional assembly of actin monomers at the anchored filament barbed end (white circied). Moreover, the dynamic formation of complex structures such as filament bundles induced by VASP, fascin, or other actin-binding proteins in solution can be monitored in real time.

Scheme 6.10 General schematic of the angle-dependence on the dynamic formation of AEMs under ADIMET.

D. S. W. Lim, et al.. Dynamic Formation of Ring-shaped Patterns of Colloidal Particles in Microfluidic Systems. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003, 83, 1145-1147. 

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