Brown rot fungi

Finally, in order to establish unequivocally the identity of the native and residual lignin of white Scots pine wood, the sound wood was first extracted with ethyl alcohol to remove the native lignin fraction. The extracted wood was then decayed by means of the brown rot fungi,... 

Table 3.1 Table summarizing experiments on decay resistance of acetylated wood exposed to brown rot fungi... 

Loss of polysaccharides during heat treatment might simplistically be expected to lead to enhanced protection against brown rot fungi compared to white rotters. This has been found in some studies of the effect of thermal treatment upon decay resistance. Tjeerdsma etal. (1998a, 2000,2002) found that Plato heat treatment resulted in significant improvements... 

Codd, P., Banks, W.B., Cornfield, J.A. and Williams, G.R. (1992). The biological effectiveness of wood modified with heptadecylsuccinic anhydride against two brown rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Gloeophyllum trabeum. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Doc. No. IRG/WP 3705-92. 

Attempts to isolate lignin by degrading wood with brown rot fungi afforded only degraded lignins of low molecular weight (<1000) [cf. 33, 94, 132)] similar to Brauns soluble lignin. This is probably due... 

All laboratory tests for biological resistance conducted to this point show that acetylation is an effective means of reducing or eliminating attack by soft-, white-, and brown-rot fungi, tunneling bacteria, and subterranean termites. Tests are presently underway on several lignocellulosic composites in outdoor environments. 

In conclusion, focusing on the similarities and differences between white-rot and brown-rot fungi, these seemingly different biological processes can be explained as follows. 

Kartal et al. (2004) also investigated the use of fungi to remove arsenic from CCA-treated wood. Three brown-rot fungi (Fomitopsis palustris, Coniophora puteana, and Laetiporus sulphureus) were initially... 

Filley, T. R., Cody G. D., Goodell, B., Jelhson, J., Noser, C., and Ostrofsky. A. (2002). Lignin demethylation and polysaccharide decomposition in spruce sapwood degraded by brown rot fungi. Org. Geochem. 33,111-124. 

Xu, G., and Goodell, B. (2001). Mechanisms of wood degradation by brown-rot fungi Chelator-mediated cellulose degradation and binding of iron by cellulose. J. Biotech. 87, 43-57. 

Lignin s decomposition in soil and sediment is accomplished primarily by white-rot and brown-rot fungi through enzymatically mediated mechanisms. Its decomposition produces an extremely diverse assemblage of phenols, polyphenols, and aromatic acids that are very reactive toward other NOM components and mineral surfaces (Nord, 1964 Martin and Haider, 1980 Wang et al., 1986). 

Douglas-fir, birch, southern pine, and sweetgum blocks were treated with 1% aqueous ammonia or sodium hydroxide for various times, temperatures, and pressures (9). These samples were submitted to soil-block tests with two brown-rot fungi Poria monticola (Madison 698) and Lentinus lepideus (Madison 534) and two white-rot fungi Polyporus versicolor (Coriolus versicolor) (Madison 697) and P. anceps (F 784-5) as well as outside exposure tests (10). In the soil-block tests, the treated wood was resistant to the two brown rotters, but was not resistant to the two white rotters. In the outdoor stake tests, the average lifetime was 3.5 years while untreated controls had an average lifetime of 3.6 years. The outdoor tests show that there is no increase in rot resistance by this treatment. 

Cowling, E. B., "Comparative Biochemistry of the Decay of Sweetgum Sapwood by White-Rot and Brown-Rot Fungi," USDA Forest Service Tech. Bull. No. 1258, p. 50, 1961. 

Other catechol-containing natural compounds have been implicated as Fenton-enhancing compounds in white rot fungi, brown rot fungi, and mold-mediated degradation of lignin and wood [64,65]. In addition to their potential effect on in situ remediation, these compounds may be of potential benefit for the pulp-and-paper industry. 

Fahr K, Wetzstein FIG, Grey R et al (1999) Degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol by two brown rot fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 175 127-132... 

Meuzelaar HLC, Haverkamp J, Hileman FD (1982) Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of recent and fossil biomatenals - compendium and atlas Elsevier, Amsterdam 293 pp Mulder MM, Pureveen JBM, Boon JJ, Martinez AT (1990) An analytical pyrolysis mass spectrometric study of Eucryphia cordifoha wood decayed by white-rot and brown-rot fungi J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 19 175-191... 

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