Bronchial glands

These cascades of reactions need time in the range of seconds synaptic transmission through GPCRs is slow. All further postsynaptic changes depend on the type of postsynaptic cell. For example activation of 32-adrenoceptors causes in the heart an increase of the rate and force of contraction in skeletal muscle glycogenolysis and tremor in smooth muscle relaxation in bronchial glands secretion and in sympathetic nerve terminals an increase in transmitter release. 

Respiratory Effects. Pulmonary edema was reported in humans dying from acute methyl parathion (Wofatox) intoxication (Fazekas 1971). Edema was found in a man who died 2 hours after intoxication, and, in other cases, edema was found in others who died as long as 9 days after exposure. Broncho-constriction and hypersecretion of bronchial glands (bronchorrhea) are primary muscarinic effects of methyl parathion. The broncoconstriction, bronchorrhea, and bradycardia caused by methyl parathion are strongly conducive to pulmonary edema. 

The exudative inflammatory process and sloughing of epithelial cells into the airway lumen impair mucociliary transport. The bronchial glands are increased in size, and the goblet cells are increased in size and number. Expectorated mucus from patients with asthma tends to have high viscosity. 

Bronchial glands ai,P2 Decreased secretion, increased secretion Increased secretion... 

Survival time decreased from 125 weeks in controls to 88 weeks body weight loss after 13 months alveolar proteinosis and marked lung enlargement Pneumonia and bronchial epithelial metaplasia Bronchial gland hyperplasia 20 months after exposure... 

Tobacco smoke includes 4000 chemical species with varying potential which cause adverse effects. Nicotine is stimulating to the autonomic nervous system ganglia and neuromuscular junction. The most prominent effects relate to stimulation of the adrenal medulla, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system (release of catecholamines), gastrointestinal tract (parasympathetic stimulation), salivary and bronchial glands, and the medullary vomiting center. There is subsequent blockade of autonomic ganglia and the neuromuscular junction transmission, inhibition of catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla, and CNS depression. 

A direct action of essential oil on the bronchial glands the serous glands are selectively stimulated and the mncous glands are inhibited, the result being a (almost non-viscous) secretion. 

In 1963, using immunoelectrophoresis, Biserte et al. [49] demonstrated that lactotransferrin was present in bronchial secretions. This result was confirmed in 1965 by Masson et al. [37] who, in addition, localized the lactotransferrin in human bronchial glands by immuno-histochemistry. Lactotransferrin has been identified, mainly due to the work of Masson, in most mucous secretions, i.e., bronchial and intestinal mucus and in various biological fluids such as saliva, tears, synovial fluid, seminal plasma, pancreatic juice, bile and, in very small amount, in blood plasma. In milk and mucous secretions, lactotransferrin is associated with secretory IgA (sIgA) and lysozyme and we now know that this association represents a powerful system of defence of mucosae (see section 2.3.2.1.2). 

Respiratory disorders play a leading part in the pathogenesis of OPC poisonings. Three principal mechanisms underlying respiratory disorders induced by anti-cholinesterase substances can be distinguished 1 - direct and reflex influence on the respiratory center 2 - bronchospasm and amplified secretion by the bronchial glands 3 - paralysis of the respiratory musculature. 

Bronchial glands Decreased secretion, increased secretion 1 ft Stimulation M3, M3... 

Morton (1689) was the first author, as Thomson (1838, p.346) stated, who attributed the production of black sputa to the bronchial glands. 

Antoine Portal, who became professor in 1770 and worked at the Museum National d Histoire Na-turelle in Paris from 1793-1832 (see Cordier 1955, p.72), stated in 1780 that he had seen black-streaked sputa in healthy as well as tuberculous persons. He believed that this black matter could be divided into three varieties one arising from the inhalation of carbonaceous matter a second derived from extravasated blood and the third variety being scratched from the bronchial glands. 

For Kussmaul (1867) there seemed to be no doubt that the 3 % sand found in the ashes of the bronchial glands of two individuals with 4.2 and 9.5 % sand in lung ashes, respectively, were carried there from the lungs by the lymph channels. 

The secretolytic oxidised oleum terebinthinae Landes dispensation, Ozothin (7.5 ml intravenously for 2 days) stimulated the serous cells in the sero-mucous acini of the human bronchial glands (Bauer 1973). 

Bromhexine (4 mg Bisolvon given 3 times per day) after several days induced both serous and muciparous cells of human bronchial glands to increase their secretory activity (Gieseking and Baldamus 1968). The lysosome-Hke secretory granules of the serous cells, which are suggested to be enzyme complexes, dissolve after their touch with mucus discharges by the mucous cells. 

Lung - bronchial glands Stimulation (increase in secretion) ... 

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