Bronchial collapse

Epinephrine itself does find some use in clinical medicine. The drug is used in order to increase blood pressure in cases of circulatory collapse, and to relax the bronchial muscle in acute asthma and in anaphylactic reactions. These activities follow directly from the agent s physiologic role. The biogenetic precursor of epinephrine, norepinephrine, has activity in its own right as a mediator of sympathetic nerve action. (An apocryphal story has it that the term nor is derived from a label seen on a bottle of a key primary amine in a laboratory in Germany N ohne... 

In pediatric bronchography, segmental collapse occurs in half the cases, but is particularly common with the aqueous media. Collapse also seems to be more common when halothane and oxygen are used as the anesthetic agents (SEDA-15, 504) this has been attributed to the rapid absorption of the anesthetic gases combined with the partial bronchial block caused by the contrast medium. 

An extreme example reported in 1993 involved a 55-year-old obese man with no history of allergy to penicillin, who had on earlier occasions received sodium thiopental without reaction on this occasion he stopped breathing and had severe bronchial constriction and vascular collapse requiring prolonged resuscitation and mechanical ventilation (11). 

Atelectasis—Pulmonary parenchymal collapse due to alveolar or bronchial obstraction. 

The first report on the oldest metal stent used in the tracheobronchial system was pubUshed by Wallace et al. in 1986 (Wallace et al. 1986). Since then, several studies on the use of this stent type have been pub-hshed and the stent became one of the most frequently applied metal stents in tracheobronchial mahgnancy. Wallace and colleagues initially reported on two cancer patients. Gianturco stents were placed in one to dilate a postoperative bronchial stenosis that caused pneumonia, and in the second to support a tracheal graft that collapsed with respiration. Stents were successfully placed and the patients symptoms improved (Wallace et al. 1986). 

Szema AM, Khedkar M, Maloney PF, et al. Clinical deterioration in pediatric asthmatic patients after September 11, 2001. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 113 420-426. Banauch GI, Alleyne D, Sanchez R, et al. Persistent bronchial hyperreactivity in New York City firefighters and rescue workers following collapse of World Trade Center. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 168 54-62. 

Banauch GI, Dhala A, Alleyne D, et al. Bronchial hyperreactivity and other inhalation lung injuries in rescue/recovery workers after the World Trade Center collapse. Crit Care Med 2005 33 S102-S106. 

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