British pharmaceutical expenditure

Freemantle, N. and K. Bloor (1996), Lessons from international experience in controlling pharmaceutical expenditure I. Influencing patients , British Medical Journal, 312, 1469-71. 

Bloor, K., A. Maynard, and N. Freemantle. 1996. Lessons from International Experience in Controlling Pharmaceutical Expenditure III Regulating Industry. British Medical fournal 313 33-35. 

The findings of these studies are in accordance with an earlier study performed by the British economists Taylor and Silberston. Based on a survey of R D managers in the United Kingdom, they estimated that pharmaceutical R D expenditures would be reduced by 64% in the absence of patent protections. By contrast, the corresponding reduction was only 8% across all industries. Similar findings were reported by Edwin Mansfield, in a survey of the research directors of 100 U.S. corporations. ... 

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