British Celanese

Commercial Disperse Azo Dyes. The first proposal to use insoluble dyes in suspension in an aqueous foam bath, ie, disperse dyes, to dye cellulose acetate was in 1921 (60). Commercialization of disperse dyes began in 1924 with the introduction of the Duranol dyes by British Dyestuffs Corporation (61) and the SRA dyes by British Celanese Company (62). In contrast to the acid monoazo dyes, derivatives of benzene rather than of naphthalene are of the greatest importance as coupling components. Among these components mono- and dialkylariifines (especially A/-P-hydroxyethyl-and A/-(3-acetoxyethylanifine derivatives) are widely used couplers. Nitrodiazobenzenes are widely used as diazo components. A typical example is CeUiton Scarlet B [2872-52-8] (91) (Cl Disperse Red 1 Cl 11110). 

The appearance of synthetic fibers in the 1920s accelerated the further development of anthraquinone dyes. Soon after British Celanese succeeded in commerciali2ing cellulose acetate fiber in 1921, anthraquinone disperse dyes for this fiber were invented by Stepherdson (British Dyestuffs Corp.) and Celatenes (Scottish Dyes) independendy. Anthraquinone disperse dyes for polyester fiber were developed after the introduction of this fiber by ICI and Du Pont in 1952. These dyes were improved products of the disperse dyes that had been developed for cellulose acetate fiber 30 years before. 

A recent study indicates that if the Wacker process proves to be substantially cheaper than the acetylene route, no more vinyl acetate plants will be built in the United States, based on the latter process (38). Table XV gives estimated production costs for manufacturing vinyl acetate. Several companies are building or have already built plants to manufacture vinyl acetate from ethylene. These include Distillers Co., Ltd., British Celanese, Imperial Chemical Industries, and Celanese Corp., to name only a few. 

For the preparation of diethyl and triethylamine from ethyl chloride see British Celanese 1951. 

British Celanese Limited Improvements in the Production of Saturated Aliphatic Secondary and Tertiary Amines 1951 GB 656,154... 

Acetic add has been produced by the carbonylation of methanol for a very long time, with the earliest industrial development dating back to 1925 (British Celanese. BASF Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik J, and is based on the use of catalysts containing phosphoric add and copper phosphate. The development of cobait/iodine systems led to... 

British Celanese was acquired by Courtaulds in 1957, which during the ensuing years bought up smaller manufacturers and merchants. 

FIGURE 11.7 Comparison of stress-strain curves for cellulose acetate and triacetate yams tested in water at 20°C. (From Cellulose (Secondary) Acetate (Dicel) and Cellulose Triacetate (Tried), Technical bulletins published by British Celanese, Coventry, England, 1965.)... 

Clarifoil Cellulose acetate British Celanese, Great Britain... 

Boise Cascade Borg Warner British Celanese British Petroleum (BP)... 

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