Brewster plates

Fig. 2. Set-up of the ILP laser system. Intracavity frequency-doubling is realized with a KTP crystal which, together with a Brewster plate, serves as a Lyot filter. This allows to frequency time the laser by more than 500 GHz by changing the temperature of the KTP crystal. The 532 nm laser radiation, after passing an acousto-optical modulator (AOM), is directed into an external I2 fluorescence cell. A photomultiplier (PM) detects the fluorescence signal over a solid angle of almost 0.2 n. The photodiode D is used to detect a fraction of the 532 nm laser beam to power stabilize the 532 nm light via the AOM...

It was found that the normal method of scanning the frequency doubling laser by rotating the tipping Brewster plate in the reference cavity was insufficiently smooth over the small ranges required a satisfactory alternative was found to be to shift electronically the reference point used for locking the reference cavity. Further refinements to the lasers were unnecessary, because their performance did not limit the accuracy of the measurements. The calibration procedure was responsible for most of the uncertainty, and was the least satisfactory aspect of the experiment as we now discuss. 

Figure 3.2-7 Brewster polarizers with one reflection (a), with two reflections (b) and in transmission (c) M - plane mirrors, BP - Brewster plates,

Because of technological advances in this area, much higher efficiency polarizers and detector systems are available today than had been in recent years. One example of this is the commercial availability of infrared wire grid polarizers (Perkin Elmer) which is of higher efficiency in transmission and polarization than the former Brewster plate silver chloride polarizers. 

FIGURE 8 (a) Astigmatism of an off-axis spherical mirror and (b) its compensation by a Brewster plate in a three-mirror focusing cavity, as originally used for standing-wave cw dye lasers. 

Fig. 5.57. (a) Changing of resonator length by tilting of the Brewster plates inside the resonator (b) temperature-compensated reference cavity with tiltable Brewster plates for wavelength tuning... 

The Brewster plate can be tilted in a controllable way by a galvo-drive [5.94], where the tilting angle is determined by the strength of the magnetic field. In order to avoid a translational shift of the laser beam when tilting the plate, two plates with a = a can be used (Fig. 5.57b), which are tilted into opposite directions. This gives twice the shift of (5.91). 

Fig. 5.67. Tunable single-mode diode laser with external cavity. The etalon allows singlemode operation and the Brewster plate tunes the optical length of the cavity synchronized with etalon tilt and gain profile shift [5.120]...

Fig. 5.94. Transmission T k) of a birefringent filter with three Brewster plates of KDP, with plate thickness d] = 0.34mm, J2 = 4d/i, J3 = I6d] [5.189]...

A novel device for efficiently generating intense radiation at wavelengths around 202 nm is shown in Fig. 5.110. A laser diode-pumped Nd YV04 laser is frequency doubled and delivers intense radiation at X = 532 nm, which is again frequency doubled to A. = 266 nm in a BBO crystal inside a ring resonator. The output from this resonator is superimposed in a third enhancement cavity with the output from a diode laser at A = 850 nm to generate radiation at A = 202 nm by sum-frequency mixing. This 202-nm radiation is polarized perpendicularly to that at the two other waves and can be therefore efficiently coupled out of the cavity by a Brewster plate [5.255]. 

Figure 5.102 Transmission T(A) of a birefringent filter with three Brewster plates of KDP, with plate thickness...

Fig. 6.2. Real-time interferogram of an MPI process in Cs2 (by courtesy of B. Girard taken from [40]). The dimer s B state was excited and subsequently ionized by a pair of 150 fs pump pulses to the B state (768 nm). The high-resolution (0.3 fs) scan was obtained with scanning Brewster plates. Insets show enlarged views (a) in the optical interference region, and of quantum interferences in the first (b) and second (c) vibrational recurrence. The fast oscillation has in all cases a period of 2.56 fs...

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