Brewing sugars

Fermentabihty of com symps by yeast is important in certain food appHcations, eg, baking and brewing. The fermentable sugars present in corn symp are dextrose, maltose, and maltotriose. Fermentabihty of maltose or maltotriose depends on the specific fermentation process and organism. In general, greater fermentabihty is obtained at higher DE levels. 

Starches. In the United States, all potable alcohol, most fermentation industrial alcohol, and most fuel alcohol is currendy made principally from grains com is the principal feedstock for fuel alcohol. Fermentation of starch from grain is somewhat more complex than fermentation of sugars because starch must first be converted to sugar and then to ethanol. This process was known to the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians who brewed beer almost 5000 years ago (202). The simplified equations for the conversion of starch to ethanol are... 

Fungi are microscopic nonphotosynthetic plants which include in their classification yeast and molds. Yeasts have a commercial value as they are used for fermentation operations in distilling and brewing. When anaerobic conditions exist, yeasts metabolize sugar, manufacturing alcohol from the synthesis of new cells. Alcohol... 

Decke, /. cover, covering (of various kinds) integument, coat roof ceiling blanket (Sugar) cleansing, purging (also, fine liquor) (Brewing) head. 

They do differ in one respect from their filamentous siblings in that they are able to metabolise certain carbohydrates (sugars) by a process known as fermentation. During this, of course, they produce alcohol and gas (carbon dioxide) and for that reason they are used in brewing, bread making and other useful processes. 

Solutions of wood sugars were fermented anaerobically by ordinary Fleischmann s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). After 2 days the brews were tested for residual sugar. Also samples of the brew were distilled and the distillates analysed for ethanol... 

Alcohol recovery from the fermentation brews was less than complete in most cases, which may be attributable to less than ideal conditions. The best yields, 60 to 97% of theory, were obtained with sugars obtained by hydrolysis of cellulosic residues of the autohydrolysis-extraction process. Unextracted pulps, or the hemicellulose solutions, gave poor ethanol formation, which suggests inhibition. In the calculation of material and energy balances which follows, we have assumed 95% yields of ethanol from wood sugars, which is readily achieved in industrial practice and which we believe to be achievable with our wood sugars as well. 

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